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Wide-field quantitative magnetic imaging of superconducting vortices using perfectly aligned quantum sensors

赳行 辻, Takeyuki Tsuji, 孝之 岩崎, Takayuki Iwasaki, 睦子 波多野, Mutsuko Hatano

Published Sep 1, 2023• 0 citations
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Various techniques have been applied to visualize superconducting vortices, providing clues to their electromagnetic response. Here, we present a wide-field, quantitative imaging of the stray field of the vortices in a superconducting thin film using perfectly aligned diamond quantum sensors. Our analysis, which mitigates the influence of the sensor inhomogeneities, visualizes the magnetic flux of single vortices in YBa2Cu3O7−δ with an accuracy of ±10%. The obtained vortex shape is consistent with the theoretical model, and penetration depth and its temperature dependence agree with previous studies, proving our technique's accuracy and broad applicability. This wide-field imaging, which in principle works even under extreme conditions, allows the characterization of various superconductors.
Understanding vortex matter in type-II superconductors is central to controlling dissipation and flux pinning in superconducting materials and devices. Here, we use cryogenic scanning nitrogen vacancy magnetometry (NVM) to image Abrikosov vortices in the cuprate superconductors BSCCO-2212 and YBCO under controlled field-cooled conditions. Measurements, which are performed using continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance (cw-ODMR) in a closed-cycle cryostat, yield quantitative magnetic-field maps with nanoscale spatial resolution. In BSCCO-2212 at 71 K, we resolve a well-ordered triangular vortex lattice, whose symmetry and spacing are confirmed through 2D Fourier analysis and are consistent with flux quantization. YBCO thin films imaged at 3 K exhibit a more disordered vortex arrangement reflecting stronger pinning, while maintaining quantitative agreement between measured vortex density and the applied magnetic field. These results render our cryogenic scanning NVM a reliable quantitative tool for real-space studies of vortices in high-TcT_cTc​ superconductors, in particular since such a remarkable magnetic resolution has been achieved within relatively short acquisition times of 2 to 4 h.
Understanding and controlling vortex motion in superconductors are important both for suppressing dissipation in superconducting devices and for device applications that exploit vortices. In this work, we quantitatively imaged the stray magnetic field distribution of vortices in an NbN thin film by wide-field magnetic imaging using a perfectly aligned diamond nitrogen-vacancy ensemble. By continuously measuring while stepwise varying the applied magnetic field under local laser heating, we captured a rearrangement of the vortex configuration in real space and in real time over more than 100 min. The observed vortex rearrangement is consistent with a reduction of the pinning force due to local laser heating and with the Lorentz force exerted by shielding currents induced by the field variation. These results provide insight into vortex dynamics and suggest potential applications, including vortex exclusion from sensitive regions of superconducting devices.