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Electromagnetically induced transparency in inhomogeneously broadened divacancy defect ensembles in SiC

Olger V. Zwier, Tom Bosma, Carmem M. Gilardoni, Xu Yang, Alexander R. Onur, Ohshima Takeshi, Nguyên Tiên Són, Caspar H. van der Wal

Published Mar 1, 2022• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a phenomenon that can provide strong and robust interfacing between optical signals and quantum coherence of electronic spins. In its archetypical form, mainly explored with atomic media, it uses a (near-)homogeneous ensemble of three-level systems, in which two low-energy spin-1/2 levels are coupled to a common optically excited state. We investigate the implementation of EIT with c-axis divacancy color centers in silicon carbide. While this material has attractive properties for quantum device technologies with near-IR optics, implementing EIT is complicated by the inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transitions throughout the ensemble and the presence of multiple ground-state levels. These may lead to darkening of the ensemble upon resonant optical excitation. Here, we show that EIT can be established with high visibility also in this material platform upon careful design of the measurement geometry. Comparison of our experimental results with a model based on the Lindblad equations indicates that we can create coherences between different sets of two levels all-optically in these systems, with potential impact for RF-free quantum sensing applications. Our work provides an understanding of EIT in multi-level systems with significant inhomogeneities, and our considerations are valid for a wide array of defects in semiconductors.

Related papers

Electromagnetically induced transparency in inhomogeneously broadened divacancy defect ensembles in SiC

Olger V. Zwier, Tom Bosma, Carmem M. Gilardoni +5 more

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a phenomenon that can provide strong and robust interfacing between optical signals and quantum coherence of electronic spins. In its archetypical form, mainly explored with atomic media, it uses a (near-)homogeneous ensemble of three-level systems, in which two low-energy spin-1/2 levels are coupled to a common optically excited state. We investigate the implementation of EIT with c-axis divacancy color centers in silicon carbide. While this material has attractive properties for quantum device technologies with near-IR optics, implementing EIT is complicated by the inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transitions throughout the ensemble and the presence of multiple ground-state levels. These may lead to darkening of the ensemble upon resonant optical excitation. Here, we show that EIT can be established with high visibility also in this material platform upon careful design of the measurement geometry. Comparison of our experimental results with a model based on the Lindblad equations indicates that we can create coherences between different sets of two levels all-optically in these systems, with potential impact for RF-free quantum sensing applications. Our work provides an understanding of EIT in multi-level systems with significant inhomogeneities, and our considerations are valid for a wide array of defects in semiconductors.

arXiv:2203.09869•Journal of Applied Physics•Mar 3, 2022•2 citations

Electromagnetically induced transparency in inhomogeneously broadened solid media

Haoquan Fan, Kumel H. Kagalwala, Sergey V. Polyakov +2 more

We study, theoretically and experimentally, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in two different solid-state systems. Unlike many implementations in homogeneously broadened media, these systems exhibit inhomogeneous broadening of their optical and spin transitions typical of solid-state materials. We observe EIT lineshapes typical of atomic gases, including a crossover into the regime of Autler-Townes splitting, but with the substitution of the inhomogeneous widths for the homogeneous values. We obtain quantitative agreement between experiment and theory for the width of the transparency feature over a range of optical powers and inhomogeneous linewidths. We discuss regimes over which analytical and numerical treatments capture the behavior. As solid-state systems become increasingly important for scalable and integratable quantum optical and photonic devices, it is vital to understand the effects of the inhomogeneous broadening that is ubiquitous in these systems. The treatment presented here can be applied to a variety of systems, as exemplified by the common scaling of experimental results from two different systems.

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Electromagnetically induced transparency in inhomogeneously broadened Lambda-transition with multiple excited levels

O. S. Mishina, Scherman, M., Pietro Lombardi +7 more

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has mainly been modelled for three-level systems. In particular, a considerable interest has been dedicated to the Lambda-configuration, with two ground states and one excited state. However, in the alkali-metal atoms, which are commonly used, hyperfine interaction in the excited state introduces several levels which simultaneously participate in the scattering process. When the Doppler broadening is comparable with the hyperfine splitting in the upper state, the three-level Lambda model does not reproduce the experimental results. Here we theoretically investigate the EIT in a hot vapor of alkali-metal atoms and demonstrate that it can be strongly reduced due to the presence of multiple excited levels. Given this model, we also show that a well-designed optical pumping enables to significantly recover the transparency.

•May 9, 2011•0 citations

Electromagnetically induced transparency in low-doped n-GaAs

Caspar H. van der Wal, Maksym Sladkov, Alok U. Chaubal +6 more

We report the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with an ensemble of donor-bound electrons in low-doped n-GaAs. We used pure GaAs layers with Si doping at very low concentration in a strong magnetic field. EIT was implemented with the two optical transitions that exist for the three-level system that is formed by the two electron spin states and a donor-bound trion state. Our results show that EIT with n-GaAs can serve as a platform for studies of nonlocal quantum entanglement with spins in semiconductors, as well as for controlling and probing dynamical nuclear polarization with coherent electron spins.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2011•0 citations

Electromagnetically induced transparency over spectral hole-burning temperature in an inhomogeneously broadened solid

Byoung Seung HAM, Philip Hemmer, M. S. Shahriar

Summary form only given. When a resonant Raman laser field interacts with a three-level energy system, the system can undergo changes of linear and nonlinear optical properties. Especially in an optically thick medium, a strong resonant electromagnetic field can dress the energy states so that another resonant probe field may not be absorbed. This is due to destructive quantum interference between two absorption paths from the ground state to the dressed states. This phenomenon is called electromagnetically induced transparency. Our recently demonstrated Raman excited spin echo technique uses optically induced spin coherence. In general, the spin coherence decay time is much longer and more temperature insensitive than the optical coherence, so that the temperature limitation of the photon echoes can be overcome. The spin echoes are read by another optical field via enhanced four-wave mixing. Here, the nonlinearity in the optical transition is enhanced by EIT. In this paper we report the EIT observation at temperatures higher than that needed for the (optical) spectral hole-burning.

Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference•Jan 20, 2003•2 citations

Electromagnetically induced transparency in an inhomogeneously broadened Λ transition with multiple excited levels

O. S. Mishina, Michael S. Scherman, Pietro Lombardi +7 more

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has mainly been modeled for three-level systems. In particular, considerable interest has been dedicated to the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration, with two ground states and one excited state. However, in the alkali-metal atoms, which are commonly used, the hyperfine interaction in the excited state introduces several levels which simultaneously participate in the scattering process. When the Doppler broadening is comparable with the hyperfine splitting in the upper state, the three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ model does not reproduce the experimental results. Here we theoretically investigate the EIT in a hot vapor of alkali-metal atoms and demonstrate that it can be strongly reduced by the presence of multiple excited levels. Given this model, we also show that well-designed optical pumping enables us to significantly recover the transparency.

arXiv:1101.6039•Physical Review A•May 9, 2011•53 citations
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a phenomenon that can provide strong and robust interfacing between optical signals and quantum coherence of electronic spins. In its archetypical form, mainly explored with atomic media, it uses a (near-)homogeneous ensemble of three-level systems, in which two low-energy spin-1/2 levels are coupled to a common optically excited state. We investigate the implementation of EIT with c-axis divacancy color centers in silicon carbide. While this material has attractive properties for quantum device technologies with near-IR optics, implementing EIT is complicated by the inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transitions throughout the ensemble and the presence of multiple ground-state levels. These may lead to darkening of the ensemble upon resonant optical excitation. Here, we show that EIT can be established with high visibility also in this material platform upon careful design of the measurement geometry. Comparison of our experimental results with a model based on the Lindblad equations indicates that we can create coherences between different sets of two levels all-optically in these systems, with potential impact for RF-free quantum sensing applications. Our work provides an understanding of EIT in multi-level systems with significant inhomogeneities, and our considerations are valid for a wide array of defects in semiconductors.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a phenomenon that can provide strong and robust interfacing between optical signals and quantum coherence of electronic spins. In its archetypical form, mainly explored with atomic media, it uses a (near-)homogeneous ensemble of three-level systems, in which two low-energy spin-1/2 levels are coupled to a common optically excited state. We investigate the implementation of EIT with c-axis divacancy color centers in silicon carbide. While this material has attractive properties for quantum device technologies with near-IR optics, implementing EIT is complicated by the inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transitions throughout the ensemble and the presence of multiple ground-state levels. These may lead to darkening of the ensemble upon resonant optical excitation. Here, we show that EIT can be established with high visibility also in this material platform upon careful design of the measurement geometry. Comparison of our experimental results with a model based on the Lindblad equations indicates that we can create coherences between different sets of two levels all-optically in these systems, with potential impact for RF-free quantum sensing applications. Our work provides an understanding of EIT in multi-level systems with significant inhomogeneities, and our considerations are valid for a wide array of defects in semiconductors.
We study, theoretically and experimentally, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in two different solid-state systems. Unlike many implementations in homogeneously broadened media, these systems exhibit inhomogeneous broadening of their optical and spin transitions typical of solid-state materials. We observe EIT lineshapes typical of atomic gases, including a crossover into the regime of Autler-Townes splitting, but with the substitution of the inhomogeneous widths for the homogeneous values. We obtain quantitative agreement between experiment and theory for the width of the transparency feature over a range of optical powers and inhomogeneous linewidths. We discuss regimes over which analytical and numerical treatments capture the behavior. As solid-state systems become increasingly important for scalable and integratable quantum optical and photonic devices, it is vital to understand the effects of the inhomogeneous broadening that is ubiquitous in these systems. The treatment presented here can be applied to a variety of systems, as exemplified by the common scaling of experimental results from two different systems.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has mainly been modelled for three-level systems. In particular, a considerable interest has been dedicated to the Lambda-configuration, with two ground states and one excited state. However, in the alkali-metal atoms, which are commonly used, hyperfine interaction in the excited state introduces several levels which simultaneously participate in the scattering process. When the Doppler broadening is comparable with the hyperfine splitting in the upper state, the three-level Lambda model does not reproduce the experimental results. Here we theoretically investigate the EIT in a hot vapor of alkali-metal atoms and demonstrate that it can be strongly reduced due to the presence of multiple excited levels. Given this model, we also show that a well-designed optical pumping enables to significantly recover the transparency.
We report the observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with an ensemble of donor-bound electrons in low-doped n-GaAs. We used pure GaAs layers with Si doping at very low concentration in a strong magnetic field. EIT was implemented with the two optical transitions that exist for the three-level system that is formed by the two electron spin states and a donor-bound trion state. Our results show that EIT with n-GaAs can serve as a platform for studies of nonlocal quantum entanglement with spins in semiconductors, as well as for controlling and probing dynamical nuclear polarization with coherent electron spins.
Summary form only given. When a resonant Raman laser field interacts with a three-level energy system, the system can undergo changes of linear and nonlinear optical properties. Especially in an optically thick medium, a strong resonant electromagnetic field can dress the energy states so that another resonant probe field may not be absorbed. This is due to destructive quantum interference between two absorption paths from the ground state to the dressed states. This phenomenon is called electromagnetically induced transparency. Our recently demonstrated Raman excited spin echo technique uses optically induced spin coherence. In general, the spin coherence decay time is much longer and more temperature insensitive than the optical coherence, so that the temperature limitation of the photon echoes can be overcome. The spin echoes are read by another optical field via enhanced four-wave mixing. Here, the nonlinearity in the optical transition is enhanced by EIT. In this paper we report the EIT observation at temperatures higher than that needed for the (optical) spectral hole-burning.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has mainly been modeled for three-level systems. In particular, considerable interest has been dedicated to the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration, with two ground states and one excited state. However, in the alkali-metal atoms, which are commonly used, the hyperfine interaction in the excited state introduces several levels which simultaneously participate in the scattering process. When the Doppler broadening is comparable with the hyperfine splitting in the upper state, the three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ model does not reproduce the experimental results. Here we theoretically investigate the EIT in a hot vapor of alkali-metal atoms and demonstrate that it can be strongly reduced by the presence of multiple excited levels. Given this model, we also show that well-designed optical pumping enables us to significantly recover the transparency.