On Incompatibility and Thermodynamics of Measurement Processes

Woodrow Beckford

Chung-Yun Hsieh, Shin-Liang Chen

We consider a thermodynamic framework to quantify instrument incompatibility via a resource theory subject to thermodynamic constraints. We use the minimal thermalization time needed to erase incompatibility's signature to measure incompatibility. Unexpectedly, this time value is equivalent to incompatibility advantage in a work extraction task. Hence, both thermalization time and extractable work can directly quantify instrument incompatibility. Finally, we show that incompatibility signatures must vanish in non-Markovian thermalization.

Shintaro Minagawa

Since information theory introduced a way to describe the concept of information qu antitatively and operationally, the role of information in physics is attracting increasi ng attention.Quantum information science is a field that combines physics and infor mation theory by considering information processing using physical systems that obe y quantum theory, i.e., quantum systems.

Gunnar Sperber

Chao-Hsien Wu, Franco Nori, Huan-Yu Ku

Measurement incompatibility is a fundamental quantum resource that enables advantages in many quantum information tasks, including cryptography and communication. However, unavoidable interactions between a system and its environment can degrade or even completely destroy measurement incompatibility; such a process is referred to as a measurement-incompatibility-annihilating channel. Recently, the capability of noisy quantum dynamics to preserve measurement incompatibility has been characterized within the resource theory of measurement incompatibility preservability. This motivates studying how to purify the preservation of measurement incompatibility and how to activate it from a measurement-incompatibility-annihilating channel. To this end, we first introduce our figures of merit as robustness-based resource monotones within this resource theory. We demonstrate that while pre-filtering operations can strengthen measurement incompatibility preservability, they cannot activate it from an incompatibility-annihilating channel, establishing a no-go theorem. Furthermore, we explicitly demonstrate that an incompatibility-annihilating channel can be stochastically activated via post-filtering operations. Our results provide a practical framework for exploiting measurement incompatibility in quantum information processing.

Ryo Mihashi, Yoshihiko Hasegawa

Indirect measurement can be used to read out the outcome of a quantum system without resorting to a straightforward approach, and it is the foundation of the measurement uncertainty relations that explain the incompatibility of conjugate observables. While measurement uncertainty has been established for the accuracy of quantum measurement, thermodynamic uncertainty is being researched as a new perspective on the accuracy of fluctuating observables that trades off a physical cost in the classical or quantum regime. Following these ideas, we derive a new measurement uncertainty with respect to indirect measurement in the light of quantum thermodynamics. The obtained result shows a reciprocal relation between a survival activity, which is a frenetic contribution to the thermodynamic system, and noise due to the measurement approach. Moreover, this uncertainty can also affect the disturbance of an incompatible counterpart through the universal noise-disturbance relation.