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Journal of Information Security and Applications

QuCloud : Enhancing cloud storage security by combining quantum key distribution, post-quantum cryptography, and custom proxy re-encryption

Anika Taffannum Zarin, Omar Radee, Md Shawmoon Azad, M. R. C. Mahdy

Published Mar 28, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.jisa.2026.104449

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Proxy re-encryption (PRE) allows a semi-trusted party (called a proxy) to transform ciphertexts under one user's public key into ciphertexts under another user's public key, without revealing any information about the underlying messages or the secret keys. On the other hand, post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is one of the most active areas, and in particular, many lattice-based PRE schemes have been proposed so far in the area of PQC. However, there is no post-quantum PRE satisfying security against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks ( C C A 2 security), while C C A 2 security is one of the most desirable security notions for PRE. In this paper, we propose a group-action-based PRE scheme that achieves C C A 2 security for the first time. We give security proofs for our PRE in the random oracle model (ROM) and the quantum random oracle model (QROM). In particular, we can obtain the CSIDH-instantiation of this PRE scheme as the first post-quantum PRE. Our result contributes to the developments of post-quantum cryptography, and shows further potential of isogeny-based cryptography.
The secure communication system called Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) needs improvements in long-distance implementation because energy loss and eavesdropping threats exist. The authors present the Multi-layer Proxy Encryption Scheme (MPES) which combines proxy re-encryption together with entangled quantum particles to achieve security enhancements along with distant QKD transmission capability. Quantum repeaters within the MPES model conduct multiple encryption and decryption operations which guards fiber-optic channel data transfers. The trust-based shortest path algorithm enables more efficient photon transfer which leads to decreased transmission loss and improved efficiency. The experimental data shows that key errors decreased by 62.5% while energy efficiency increased by 90.90% when implementing the MPES against standard BB84 protocol operation. Optimal conditions for photon mean free path required keeping wavelengths at 0.0051 nm and determined the most efficient photon energy span to be between 0.01 MeV. The new modeling system enhances quantum communication protection and simultaneously achieves satisfactory key transmission speeds. The conducted research shows MPES presents itself as an effective solution for quantum-secure communication at extended ranges within cloud environments.