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Physics Letters A

Effective decoherence dynamics in collective continuous variables

Carlos Muñoz, A. B. Klimov, B. M. Garraway

Published Mar 24, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131624

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The Effective Mode Approximation (EMA) is a verification-oriented framework for characterizing collective Hamiltonian dynamics in large continuous-variable (CV) quantum systems from experimentally accessible collective measurements. Rather than reconstructing a full mode-resolved Hamiltonian, EMA maps the observed dynamics onto a canonically normalized collective mode and tests whether summed quadrature trajectories are consistent with an effective harmonic description. We validate EMA using time-resolved homodyne sampling in Gaussian simulations of ring-coupled multi-qu-mode optical systems with N=8,16,32, and 64 modes. One-tone and two-tone sinusoidal models, selected using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), recover a stable dominant collective frequency across system size and produce residuals that remain centred near zero. The results show that EMA can verify dominant collective behaviour with a fixed number of effective parameters even when full microscopic reconstruction is impractical. EMA is therefore best understood not as a full-state ansatz, but as a low-overhead tool for validating collective dynamics under realistic measurement constraints in scalable CV hardware.
We propose a continuous-variable quantum sensing scheme, in which a harmonic oscillator is employed as the probe to estimate the parameters in the spectral density of a quantum reservoir, within a non-Markovian dynamical framework. It is revealed that the sensing sensitivity can be effectively boosted by (i) optimizing the weight of the momentum-position-type coupling in the whole probe-reservoir interaction Hamiltonian, (ii) the initial quantum squeezing resource provided by the probe, (iii) the noncanonical equilibration induced by the non-Markovian effect, and (iv) applying an external driving field. Our results may have some potential applications in understanding and controlling the decoherence of dissipative continuous-variable systems.