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IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing, Data, and Analytics

QIEDP: A Quantum-Inspired Two-Bit Error Correction Protocol for Low-Power Serial Communication in IoT Systems

Om Maheshwari, Bikram Paul

Published Dec 17, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents the Quantum-Inspired Error Detection Protocol (QIEDP), a novel error correction scheme for serial communication that adapts quantum stabilizer code principles—specifically multi-dimensional parity relationships and syndrome-based detection—to classical digital systems. QIEDP implements a$(15,7,5)$linear code providing 2-bit error correction with$O(1)$computational complexity using pre-computed lookup tables containing 105 correctable error patterns. Simulation results demonstrate consistent Bit Error Rate (BER) improvements of 1.6-1.8× over conventional UART with parity in typical IoT operating conditions (9-15 dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)), despite syndrome collisions limiting double-bit correction to 85.7% efficiency. The protocol achieves 46.7% code efficiency with 100% single-bit and 85.7% double-bit error correction rates using only 360 bytes of memory, making it particularly suitable for resourceconstrained IoT applications requiring reliable communication in electromagnetically noisy environments.

DOI
10.1109/hipc66333.2025.00032

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This paper presents the Quantum-Inspired Error Detection Protocol (QIEDP), a novel error correction scheme for serial communication that adapts quantum stabilizer code principles—specifically multi-dimensional parity relationships and syndrome-based detection—to classical digital systems. QIEDP implements a(15,7,5)(15,7,5)(15,7,5)linear code providing 2-bit error correction withO(1)O(1)O(1)computational complexity using pre-computed lookup tables containing 105 correctable error patterns. Simulation results demonstrate consistent Bit Error Rate (BER) improvements of 1.6-1.8× over conventional UART with parity in typical IoT operating conditions (9-15 dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR)), despite syndrome collisions limiting double-bit correction to 85.7% efficiency. The protocol achieves 46.7% code efficiency with 100% single-bit and 85.7% double-bit error correction rates using only 360 bytes of memory, making it particularly suitable for resourceconstrained IoT applications requiring reliable communication in electromagnetically noisy environments.
This paper presents the Quantum-Inspired Error Detection Protocol (QIEDP), a novel error correction scheme for serial communication that adapts quantum stabilizer code principles-specifically multi-dimensional parity relationships and syndrome-based detection-to classical digital systems. QIEDP implements a (15,7,5) linear code providing 2-bit error correction withO(1)O(1)O(1)computational complexity using pre-computed lookup tables containing 105 correctable error patterns. Simulation results demonstrate consistent BER improvements of 1.6-1.8× over conventional UART with parity in typical IoT operating conditions (9-15 dB SNR), despite syndrome collisions limiting double-bit correction to 85.7% efficiency. The protocol achieves 46.7% code efficiency with 100% single-bit and 85.7% double-bit error correction rates using only 360 bytes of memory, making it particularly suitable for resource-constrained IoT applications requiring reliable communication in electromagnetically noisy environments.
The rapid growth of next-generation networks has created a strong demand for communication systems that have delivered high reliability, low latency, and resilience under harsh channel conditions. Although classical error correction codes have improved many wireless links, their performance has proved insufficient as data rates increased and channel dynamics became more unpredictable. This study has explored a quantum-inspired error correction framework that has combined structural principles from quantum stabilizer codes with the efficiency of classical block codes. The aim was to provide an adaptive mechanism that has reduced noise effects and supported ultra-reliable communication targets. The problem has emerged from the gap between existing coding techniques and the reliability requirements of mission-critical services. Classical codes have struggled when the channel has exhibited fast fading or burst noise, and quantum codes, while powerful, have required complex hardware. The proposed approach has addressed this gap by adopting quantum-inspired parity structures that have retained the lightweight processing of classical codes while mimicking the robustness observed in quantum systems. The method has employed a hybrid coding model that has integrated a modified stabilizer-like generator with a classical low-density parity check backbone. The encoder has produced redundant qubit-analogous syndromes that have allowed the decoder to infer error patterns with higher confidence. A sequential belief-propagation algorithm has been used, which has adjusted decoding weights according to channel variation. Simulations have been performed over Rayleigh and Rician channels, and the system has been tested under high mobility. The results of the proposed framework demonstrate substantial improvements over conventional coding methods. The hybrid stabilizer-LDPC structure reduces the bit error rate from 22.3% to 0.5% across an SNR range of 0–20 dB and lowers the frame error rate from 45.7% to 1.1%. Throughput improves from 4.2 Mbps at 0 dB to 13.8 Mbps at 20 dB, while the average decoding iterations decrease from 42 to 5, indicating reduced computational complexity. Under high-speed mobility, BER and FER remain low at 2.3% and 4.6%, respectively, while throughput stays above 10.2 Mbps and convergence requires only 12 iterations. These numerical results confirm that the proposed method provides highly reliable, efficient, and adaptive error correction suitable for next-generation networks.
Advances in single-photon creation, transmission, and detection suggest that sending quantum information over optical fibers may have losses low enough to be correctable using a quantum error correcting code (QECC). Such error-corrected communication is equivalent to a novel quantum repeater scheme, but crucial questions regarding implementation and system requirements remain open. Here we show that long-range entangled bit generation with rates approaching 10 8 entangled bits per second may be possible using a completely serialized protocol, in which photons are generated, entangled, and error corrected via sequential, one-way interactions with as few matter qubits as possible. Provided loss and error rates of the required elements are below the threshold for quantum error correction, this scheme demonstrates improved performance over transmission of single photons. We find improvement in entangled bit rates at large distances using this serial protocol and various QECCs. In particular, at a total distance of 500 km with fiber loss rates of 0.3 dB km −1 , logical gate failure probabilities of 10 −5 , photon creation and measurement error rates of 10 −5 , and a gate speed of 80 ps, we find the maximum single repeater chain entangled bit rates of 51 Hz at a 20 m node spacing and 190 000 Hz at a 43 m node spacing for the and QECCs respectively as compared to a bare success rate of 1 × 10 −140 Hz for single photon transmission.
Ideally, in any quantum key distribution (QKD) communication system, each sifted key is expected to be received without error. However in practice, due to infeasibility of generating pure single photon and device impairment problem, some of the sifted key may experience errors. This results to the increment of quantum bit error rate (QBER) that requires error reconciliation for correcting error. The main concept in error reconciliation is very much related to the capability of correcting all errors while minimizing eavesdrop information. The quantum error correcting code such as Hamming code which used in Winnow protocol is found to be more attractive. However the Winnow protocol can only correct one error out of seven bits. Adopting this classical error correcting code, an improved reconciliation scheme namely Siao Ping 1985 (SP 1985) protocol is proposed in this paper to correct more errors in faster pace without additional formulation for the overall simplicity criterion. This research is aimed at building up efficiency and effectiveness of reconciliation of the robust BB84 protocol in coping with noise interference. The proposed SP 1985 reconciliation protocol utilizes a pair of forward and reverse order syndromes for error pattern recognition. It is carried out in a simple structure which can correct up to double erroneous bits and detect four erroneous bits for each seven bits. Therefore, it is sufficient to deliver the desirable outcome after investigating its capability by correcting two errors out of seven bits compared to Winnow protocol. Its effectiveness can be measured based on simulation result which leads to reducing the QBER.
Ideally, in any quantum key distribution (QKD) communication system, each sifted key is expected to be received without error. However in practice, due to infeasibility of generating pure single photon and device impairment problem, some of the sifted key may experience errors. This results to the increment of quantum bit error rate (QBER) that requires error reconciliation for correcting error. The main concept in error reconciliation is very much related to the capability of correcting all errors while minimizing eavesdrop information. The quantum error correcting code such as Hamming code which used in Winnow protocol is found to be more attractive. However the Winnow protocol can only correct one error out of seven bits. In this paper, a modified Hamming encoder/decoder to improve Winnow protocol by correcting two errors out of seven bits which leads to reducing the QBER is presented. This design utilizes a pair of forward and reverse order syndromes for error pattern recognition. A new reconciliation protocol has been developed to enhance the error correcting capability in BB84 protocol. It is carried out in a simple structure which can correct up to double erroneous bits and detect four erroneous bits for each seven bits.
This paper investigates the optimization of communication protocols leveraging the principles of quantum error correction codes (QECCs). The core claim is that by strategically designing and implementing QECCs within communication protocols, it is possible to significantly enhance communication reliability and efficiency. Specifically, we explore novel QECC designs and their application to improve the fault tolerance and data transmission rates of quantum communication systems. The research focuses on the practical application of QECCs, addressing a critical area for advancing the overall performance of quantum communication networks. The proposed approach aims to mitigate the detrimental effects of noise and decoherence, which are inherent challenges in quantum communication, thereby paving the way for more robust and reliable quantum data transmission. The presented methodology offers a framework for tailoring QECCs to specific communication scenarios, optimizing for both error correction performance and communication overhead.