Advanced quantum communications for next-generation secure optical networks

Daniel F. Walls, Gerard J Milburn

Gourishetty Raga mounika, A.m. Ravishankkar, M. Jagadeesh Babu +3 more

Next generation communication networks require advanced solutions in security to prevent the complex increasing threats in cyber space. This research combines quantum cryptography and artificial intelligence (AI) as a way to make network security stronger by protecting data’s confidentiality, integrity and authentication. Four key algorithms – Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), AI based Intrusion Detection, Blockchain enhanced Encryption and Post Quantum Cryptography are studied in the paper to assess their capability to secure the communication infrastructures.

C. Bendjaballah, Osamu Hirota, Serge Reynaud

Ivan B. Djordjević

Research in quantum communications networks (QCNs), where multiple users desire to generate or transmit common quantum-secured information, is still in its beginning stage. To solve for the problems of both discrete variable- and continuous variable-quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes in a simultaneous manner as well as to enable the next generation of quantum communication networking, in this Special Issue paper we describe a scenario where disconnected terrestrial QCNs are coupled through low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite quantum network forming heterogeneous satellite-terrestrial QCN. The proposed heterogeneous QCN is based on the cluster state approach and can be used for numerous applications, including: (i) to teleport arbitrary quantum states between any two nodes in the QCN; (ii) to enable the next generation of cyber security systems; (iii) to enable distributed quantum computing; and (iv) to enable the next generation of quantum sensing networks. The proposed QCNs will be robust against various channel impairments over heterogeneous links. Moreover, the proposed QCNs will provide an unprecedented security level for 5G+/6G wireless networks, Internet of Things (IoT), optical networks, and autonomous vehicles, to mention a few.

Dalal F. Aljebry, Ahmed Barnawi

Abstract The increasing demand for secure communications in mobile and critical infrastructure networks has led to the emergence of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) as a promising technique for enhancing cryptographic security in next-generation systems. This paper reviews recent progress in integrating QKD within mobile and wireless networks. It focuses on key enabling technologies, such as Software-Defined Networking (SDN), satellite-based, and aerial networks. The paper critically analyzes how these frameworks can address evolving security requirements in sixth-generation (6G) networks and smart city infrastructures. Additionally, it examines the role of Machine Learning (ML) in improving QKD performance and adaptability. Challenges such as key management, mobility support, scalability, and interoperability are explored. These challenges help identify current barriers and research directions. By consolidating developments and highlighting unresolved issues, this study offers researchers valuable insights. It discusses the convergence of quantum communication and advanced mobile architectures, facilitating the design of secure and resilient future communication infrastructures.

Eleni Diamanti