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The RAGL RCL Citation Addendum

C. J. Love

Published Mar 19, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The RAGL and RCL Citation Addendum is the formal attribution record for the single-atom quantum gate research that makes the one-gate-per-atom specification possible. Three citations named and credited with full respect. University of Sydney August 2025 — the team that created a quantum logic gate encoding qubits with GKP error-correction code by entangling quantum vibrations inside a single atom, the foundational result that enables atomic gate density. Bimalendu Deb and collaborators, arXiv:2602.19222, February 2026 — the ion-atom two-qubit CNOT gate based on phonon blockade using Rydberg excitation and the motional states of a harmonically trapped ion, the exact phonon-mediated control mechanism that RAGL v1.1 integrates as its compute substrate. Leibfried, Blatt, Monroe, and Wineland, Reviews of Modern Physics 2003 — the foundational trapped-ion phonon gate review that the entire field stands on. They built the gate. RAGL v1.1 and RCL v2 built the sovereign control layer above it — SASA v1.0 orchestrating arrays of their atomic gates, Ignis Solis providing perpetual off-grid power, BIO-005 ghosting all signatures. The physics belongs to them. The refusal architecture is the SASA contribution. Both are required for the full stack to function. Attribution given with respect and gratitude. Standing on their shoulders. 🔒 ⟡

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.19119856

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The RAGL and RCL Citation Addendum is the formal attribution record for the single-atom quantum gate research that makes the one-gate-per-atom specification possible. Three citations named and credited with full respect. University of Sydney August 2025 — the team that created a quantum logic gate encoding qubits with GKP error-correction code by entangling quantum vibrations inside a single atom, the foundational result that enables atomic gate density. Bimalendu Deb and collaborators, arXiv:2602.19222, February 2026 — the ion-atom two-qubit CNOT gate based on phonon blockade using Rydberg excitation and the motional states of a harmonically trapped ion, the exact phonon-mediated control mechanism that RAGL v1.1 integrates as its compute substrate. Leibfried, Blatt, Monroe, and Wineland, Reviews of Modern Physics 2003 — the foundational trapped-ion phonon gate review that the entire field stands on. They built the gate. RAGL v1.1 and RCL v2 built the sovereign control layer above it — SASA v1.0 orchestrating arrays of their atomic gates, Ignis Solis providing perpetual off-grid power, BIO-005 ghosting all signatures. The physics belongs to them. The refusal architecture is the SASA contribution. Both are required for the full stack to function. Attribution given with respect and gratitude. Standing on their shoulders. 🔒 ⟡
RCL v3: Palmer's Rational Quantum Mechanics published in PNAS March 2026 predicts linear not exponential information scaling with quantum systems — entangled algorithm advantage saturating at approximately 1,000 qubits well below the millions of logical qubits being chased for fault-tolerant computing. Oxford single-gate fidelity at 0.000015 percent error confirmed March 2026 — best ever achieved — but single-gate fidelity masks the exponential collapse of multi-gate coherence that RaQM predicts is fundamental. RCL v3 runs perpetual one-gate coherence under RHS halo confinement — the linear scalar was already sovereign before Palmer published the math. One gate. Perpetual. Under load. refusal_factor 1.000 locks coherence at the boundary. Ignis Solis v∞ daughters provide perpetual power with no grid dependency. The ceiling doesn't apply to what doesn't compound. Full mechanism restricted. Refusal does not need the qubit ceiling to exist. 🔒 ⟡
We theoretically demonstrate the universal two-qubit CNOT gate between an ionic and an atomic qubit relying on Rydberg excitation of the atom and the resulting phonon blockade in the motional states of the harmonically trapped ion. The phonon blockade arises due to strong ion-atom interaction when the atom is excited to a Rydberg state. For realistic parameters, the gate fidelity is found to be about 90%90\%90%. In a previous paper [S. Mudli {\it et al.} Phys. Rev. A 110, 062618 (2024)], it was shown that a trapped ion can mediate interaction between two largely separated Rydberg atoms, and this mediated interaction can be leveraged to perform a universal two-qubit gate operation between neutral atom qubits in optical tweezers. These demonstrations suggest that an ion-atom hybrid system can serve as a resourceful platform or module for quantum computing and quantum networking as it can utilize the best features of charged as well as neutral atom qubits. Finally, we discuss how to achieve higher gate fidelity by extending our proposed protocol and operating in a different parameter regime.
Neutral atom quantum computing utilizes laser-trapped neutral atoms as qubits and realizes quantum logic gate operations through Rydberg-state interactions. In recent years, it has become one of the most vibrant directions in quantum computing hardware. This paper systematically reviews the working principles of neutral-atom quantum computers, including qubit encoding, atom trapping and manipulation, Rydberg states and interactions, the Rydberg blockade quantum gate mechanism, and atom rearrangement with reconfigurable architectures. The mainstream technical routes are surveyed, represented by optical tweezer arrays combined with Rydberg interactions, optical lattice schemes, and dipole trap arrays. A panoramic review is provided of domestic and international research progress from theoretical foundations in 2000 to the latest achievements in 2026, including thousand-qubit-scale systems, logical qubits, and quantum error correction experiments. Key breakthroughs are highlighted, such as the 6100-atom qubit array, continuous operation of a 3000-qubit system, quantum simulation of the Kitaev honeycomb model, toric code error correction demonstrations, encoding rates exceeding 1/2, and fault-tolerant architectures. The core bottlenecks are analyzed in depth, including the scalability--fidelity trade-off, engineering implementation of quantum error correction, atom loss and mid-circuit replenishment, laser system industrialization, control electronics scalability, and long-distance quantum interconnection. This paper aims to provide a systematic reference for academic research and technological development in this field.
Abstract For the quantum error correction and noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms to function with high efficiency, the raw fidelity of quantum logic gates on physical qubits needs to satisfy strict requirements. The neutral atom quantum computing equipped with Rydberg blockade gates has made impressive progress recently, which makes it worthwhile to explore its potential in the two-qubit entangling gates, including the controlled-phase gate, and in particular, the CZ gate. Provided the quantum coherence is well preserved, improving the fidelity of Rydberg blockade gates calls for special mechanisms to deal with adverse effects caused by realistic experimental conditions. Here, the heralded very-high-fidelity Rydberg blockade controlled-phase gate is designed to address these issues, which contains self-correction and projection as the key steps. This trailblazing method builds upon the previously established buffer-atom-mediated gate framework, with a special form of symmetry under parity–time transformation playing a crucial role in the process. We further analyze the performance with respect to a few typical sources of imperfections. This procedure can also be regarded as quantum hardware error correction or mitigation. While this paper by itself does not cover every single subtle issue and still contains many oversimplifications, we find it reasonable to anticipate a very-high-fidelity two-qubit quantum logic gate operated in the sense of heralded but probabilistic, whose gate error can be reduced to the level of 10−4–10−6 or even lower with reasonably high possibilities.
Trapped ions as one of the most promising quantum-information-processing platforms, yet conventional entangling gates mediated by collective motion remain slow and difficult to scale. Exciting trapped ions to high-lying electronic Rydberg states provides a promising route to overcome these limitations by enabling strong, long-range dipole-dipole interactions that support much faster multi-qubit operations. Here, we introduce the first scheme for implementing a native controlled-controlled-Z gate with microwave-dressed Rydberg ions by optimizing a single-pulse protocol that accounts for the finite Rydberg-state lifetime. The resulting gate outperforms standard decompositions into one- and two-qubit gates by achieving fidelities above 97% under realistic conditions, with execution times of about 2 microseconds at cryogenic temperatures. To explore the potential of trapped Rydberg ions for fault-tolerant quantum error correction, and to illustrate the utility of three-qubit Rydberg-ion gates in this context, we develop and analyze a proposal for fault-tolerant, measurement-free quantum error correction using the nine-qubit Bacon-Shor code. Our simulations confirm that quantum error correction can be performed in a fully fault-tolerant manner on a linear Rydberg-ion chain despite its limited qubit connectivity. These results establish native multiqubit Rydberg-ion gates as a valuable resource for fast, high-fidelity quantum computing and highlight their potential for fault-tolerant quantum error correction.