Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have significant issues in routing, maintaining security against quantum interference, and achieving maximum performance in resource-constrained contexts. Existing methods, such as conventional encryption models and standalone Quantum Key Distribution protocols, focus on either secure transmission or efficient pathfinding while bypassing their integration. This research proposes an innovative combination framework that incorporates QKD based on the BB84 protocol with Grover’s quantum search technique to obtain secure and optimal routing.The BB84-based QKD generates information-theoretically secure keys for encryption and authenticating data packets, successfully combating quantum-capable adversaries. In parallel, Gover’s technique is used to accelerates optimal pathfinding by effectively analyzing the routing space, which reduces computational complexity when compared to traditional approaches. Unlike previous research, this confluence strategy assures both post-quantum security and routing optimality, addressing limitations in wireless sensor networks.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have significant issues in routing, maintaining security against quantum interference, and achieving maximum performance in resource-constrained contexts. Existing methods, such as conventional encryption models and standalone Quantum Key Distribution protocols, focus on either secure transmission or efficient pathfinding while bypassing their integration. This research proposes an innovative combination framework that incorporates QKD based on the BB84 protocol with Grover’s quantum search technique to obtain secure and optimal routing.The BB84-based QKD generates information-theoretically secure keys for encryption and authenticating data packets, successfully combating quantum-capable adversaries. In parallel, Gover’s technique is used to accelerates optimal pathfinding by effectively analyzing the routing space, which reduces computational complexity when compared to traditional approaches. Unlike previous research, this confluence strategy assures both post-quantum security and routing optimality, addressing limitations in wireless sensor networks.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have significant issues in routing, maintaining security against quantum interference, and achieving maximum performance in resource-constrained contexts. Existing methods, such as conventional encryption models and standalone Quantum Key Distribution protocols, focus on either secure transmission or efficient pathfinding while bypassing their integration. This research proposes an innovative combination framework that incorporates QKD based on the BB84 protocol with Grover’s quantum search technique to obtain secure and optimal routing.The BB84-based QKD generates information-theoretically secure keys for encryption and authenticating data packets, successfully combating quantum-capable adversaries. In parallel, Gover’s technique is used to accelerates optimal pathfinding by effectively analyzing the routing space, which reduces computational complexity when compared to traditional approaches. Unlike previous research, this confluence strategy assures both post-quantum security and routing optimality, addressing limitations in wireless sensor networks.
Abstract: Quantum-Based Wireless Sensor Networks (QWSNs) represent a promising evolution of traditional wireless sensor networks by integrating quantum communication principles to enhance data transmission security and reliability. This paper presents a systematic review of existing research on energy efficiency, secure communication, and reliable routing protocols in QWSNs. The study examines key advancements in quantum-based routing algorithms, energy optimization techniques, and cryptographic mechanisms that utilize quantum key distribution (QKD) for enhanced network security. Additionally, the review identifies major challenges, including scalability, resource constraints, and implementation complexity in real-world scenarios. By analyzing existing methodologies and highlighting research gaps, this work provides insights into potential directions for developing energy-efficient and secure routing frameworks in next-generation QWSNs. The findings emphasize the need for adaptive, lightweight, and quantum-compatible routing schemes to ensure sustainable and secure communication in future sensor network architectures. Keywords: Quantum-Based Wireless Sensor Networks (QWSNs); Energy Efficiency; Secure Routing; Quantum Key Distribution (QKD); Reliability; Cryptography; Network Optimization; Quantum Communication
The requirement of efficient security protocols to protect confidential information from ever evolving cyber threat has been highlighted by the fast implementation of wireless sensor network (WSN) in numerous important domains, including healthcare monitoring, environmental surveillance and military operations. Despite their feasibility, traditional cryptographic approaches are utilized behind the computing capability of recent attackers, including the possibility of future quantum computer attacks. In order to revolutionize WSN security, this study proposes utilizing quantum cryptography and other concepts from quantum computing into the existing framework. This research leads to develop a communication protocol that is extremely safe and against the cyber-attacks. This protocol utilizes the quantum key distribution (QKD) to protect data and granting its confidential. In addition to improving security, the new architectures begin with change that makes WSN more capable of dependable and secure operations in environment where data protection is essential. A complete framework for protecting WSNs from new cyber threats in the future while keeping data transmissions and efficient process with reliability is discussed in this study. This proposed method enhances the dependencies in WSN installation across various industries, which is important for applications that need strong security measures. Evaluation results shows that the proposed method outperformed all existing methods in terms of relevant metrics.
This paper presents a novel approach to optimizing Grover’s algorithm for addressing the routing problem in quantum wireless communication networks. We begin by conducting a comprehensive analysis of key quantum communication technologies, including quantum teleportation and quantum entanglement swapping, and subsequently construct a quantum wireless communication network model grounded in these principles. Building on this foundation, we design and implement a multi-level quantum wireless network information transmission mechanism, incorporating quantum channels for identity authentication to ensure secure communication. Focusing on the routing challenges in quantum wireless communication networks, we propose innovative applications and optimizations of Grover’s quantum search algorithm. Specifically, we introduce an improved algorithm that efficiently searches for routing paths with maximal metrics within a limited number of hops. This enhancement not only significantly increases routing efficiency but also mitigates the risk of quantum channel disconnection caused by the depletion of entangled quantum pairs, thereby improving the overall success rate of communication. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed optimization algorithm substantially enhances the routing performance of quantum wireless communication networks while maintaining robust security measures. This study offers a new solution to the routing challenges in quantum wireless communication networks and significantly optimizes Grover’s algorithm, contributing to the development of more efficient and reliable quantum communication networks.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a major role in various applications, but the main challenge is to maintain security and balanced energy efficiency. Classical routing protocols struggle to achieve both energy efficiency and security because they are more vulnerable to security risks and resource limitations. This paper introduces QSEER, a novel approach that uses quantum technologies to overcome these limitations. QSEER employs quantum-inspired optimization algorithms that leverage superposition and entanglement principles to efficiently explore multiple routing possibilities, thereby identifying energy-efficient paths and reducing redundant transmissions. The proposed protocol enhances the security of data transmission against eavesdropping and tampering by using the principles of quantum mechanics, thus mitigating potential security vulnerabilities. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrated the effectiveness of QSEER in achieving both security and energy efficiency objectives, which achieves 15.1% lower energy consumption compared to state-of-the-art protocols while maintaining 99.8% data integrity under various attack scenarios, extending network lifetime by an average of 42%. These results position QSEER as a significant advancement for next-generation WSN deployments in critical applications such as environmental monitoring, smart infrastructure, and healthcare systems.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are promoting the spread of the Internet for devices in all areas of life, which makes it is a promising technology in the future. In the coming days, as attack technologies become more improved, security will have an important role in WSN. Currently, quantum computers pose a significant risk to current encryption technologies that work in tandem with intrusion detection systems because it is difficult to implement quantum properties on sensors due to the resource limitations. In this paper, quantum computing is used to develop a future-proof, robust, lightweight and resource-conscious approach to sensor networks. Great emphasis is placed on the concepts of using the BB84 protocol with the AES algorithm in WSN security. The results of analysis indicated a high level of security between the data by depending on the generation of secure keys, and reached an accuracy rate of about (80-95) % based on using NIST statistical. The efficiency of the work increased to 0.704 after using the Quantum Bit Error Rate equation, eventually increasing the network performance. This results in the reduction of the overall amount of energy, and the time required for performing the key exchange in the encryption and decryption processes decreased.