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Generation of quantum photon pairs tailored by quasi-normal mode dispersion in nonlinear metasurfaces

Andrey Sukhorukov

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Metasurfaces consisting of nano-scale structures are underpinning new physical principles for the creation and shaping of quantum states of light. We predict and demonstrate experimentally the generation of spatially entangled photon pairs through spontaneous parametric down-conversion from a metasurface incorporating a nonlinear thin film of lithium niobate. This is achieved through nonlocal resonances with tailored angular dispersion of quasi-normal modes.

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Metasurfaces consisting of nano-scale structures are underpinning new physical principles for the creation and shaping of quantum states of light. We predict and demonstrate experimentally the generation of spatially entangled photon pairs through spontaneous parametric down-conversion from a metasurface incorporating a nonlinear thin film of lithium niobate. This is achieved through nonlocal resonances with tailored angular dispersion of quasi-normal modes.
Metasurfaces consisting of nanoscale structures are underpinning new physical principles for the creation and shaping of quantum states of light. Multiphoton states that are entangled in spatial or angular domains are an essential resource for many quantum applications; however, their production traditionally relies on bulky nonlinear crystals. We predict and demonstrate experimentally the generation of spatially entangled photon pairs through spontaneous parametric down-conversion from a metasurface incorporating a nonlinear thin film of lithium niobate covered by a silica meta-grating. We measure the correlations of photon pairs and identify their spatial antibunching through violation of the classical Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, witnessing the presence of multimode entanglement. Simultaneously, the photon-pair rate is strongly enhanced by 450 times as compared to unpatterned films because of high-quality-factor resonances. These results pave the way to miniaturization of various quantum devices by incorporating ultrathin metasurfaces functioning as room temperature sources of quantum-entangled photons.
All-dielectric optical metasurfaces are a workhorse in nano-optics due to both their ability to manipulate light in different degrees of freedom and their excellent performance at light frequency conversion. Here, we demonstrate first-time generation of photon pairs via spontaneous parametric-down conversion in lithium niobate quantum optical metasurfaces with electric and magnetic Mie-like resonances at various wavelengths. By engineering the quantum optical metasurface, we tailor the photon-pair spectrum in a controlled way. Within a narrow bandwidth around the resonance, the rate of pair production is enhanced up to two orders of magnitude compared to an unpatterned film of the same thickness and material. These results enable flat-optics sources of entangled photons -- a new promising platform for quantum optics experiments.
We predict and demonstrate experimentally, for the first time to our knowledge, the generation of spatially entangled photon pairs through spontaneous parametric down-conversion from a metasurface incorporating a nonlinear thin film of lithium niobate covered by a silica meta-grating. We identify the spatial entanglement of the photon pairs through violation of the classical Cauchy-Schwartz inequality. Simultaneously, the photon-pair rate is strongly enhanced by 450 times compared to unpatterned films.
The two-photon state with spatial entanglement is an essential resource for testing fundamental laws of quantum mechanics and various quantum applications.Its creation typically relies on spontaneous parametric downconversion in bulky nonlinear crystals where the tunability of spatial entanglement is limited.Here, we predict that ultrathin nonlinear lithium niobate metasurfaces can generate and diversely tune spatially entangled photon pairs.The spatial properties of photons including the emission pattern, rate, and degree of spatial entanglement are analyzed theoretically with the coupled mode theory and Schmidt decomposition method.We show that by leveraging the strong angular dispersion of the metasurface, the degree of spatial entanglement quantified by the Schmidt number can be decreased or increased by changing the pump laser wavelength and a Gaussian beam size.This flexibility can facilitate diverse quantum applications of entangled photon states generated from nonlinear metasurfaces.
All-dielectric optical metasurfaces are a workhorse in nano-optics, because of both their ability to manipulate light in different degrees of freedom and their excellent performance at light frequency conversion. Here, we demonstrate first-time generation of photon pairs via spontaneous parametric-down conversion in lithium niobate quantum optical metasurfaces with electric and magnetic Mie-like resonances at various wavelengths. By engineering the quantum optical metasurface, we tailor the photon-pair spectrum in a controlled way. Within a narrow bandwidth around the resonance, the rate of pair production is enhanced up to 2 orders of magnitude, compared to an unpatterned film of the same thickness and material. These results enable flat-optics sources of entangled photons-a new promising platform for quantum optics experiments.