Emergence of self-similar structure in quantum turbulence

M. A. Caracanhas, Alexander L. Fetter, Sérgio Ricardo Muniz +4 more

Nir Navon, Alexander L. Gaunt, Robert P. Smith +1 more

G. Bougas, K. Mukherjee, S. I. Mistakidis

Ultracold quantum gases with long-range anisotropic interactions host novel exotic phases of matter, such as supersolids, exhibiting both rigid and superfluid characteristics. The impact of this interplay on the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of dipolar gases, and in particular its connection with universal turbulent behavior, remains highly unexplored. Here, upon considering a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate of dysprosium atoms being dynamically driven across the supersolid-superfluid phase transition and vice versa, we unveil the emergence of a robust nonequilibrium quasi-steady state. This state displays self-similar momentum distributions exhibiting algebraic decay at large momenta, with scaling exponents supporting the existence of wave turbulence. We demonstrate that supersolidity sustaining higher-lying momenta, associated with the roton minimum, promotes the development of turbulence. Our results provide a stepping stone toward unraveling and exploiting turbulent and self-similar behavior in anisotropically long-range interacting quantum gases amenable in current experiments. Periodic driving of a dysprosium supersolid across its phase transition rapidly induces a robust self-similar turbulent cascade with universal power-law scaling at high momenta. This work establishes supersolids as a versatile platform for probing unconventional quantum turbulence and universal behavior in anisotropic long-range quantum fluids.

Carlo F. Barenghi, Ladislav Skrbek, Katepalli R. Sreenivasan

Akira Mitani, Makoto Tsubota

Yuto Sano, Nir Navon, Makoto Tsubota

Abstract The restoration of symmetries is one of the most fascinating properties of turbulence. We report a study of the emergence of isotropy in the Gross-Pitaevskii model with anisotropic forcing. Inspired by recent experiments, we study the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a cylindrical box driven along the symmetry axis of the trap by a spatially uniform force. We introduce a measure of anisotropy A ( k , t ) defined on the momentum distributions , and study the evolution of A ( k , t ) and as turbulence proceeds. As the system reaches a steady state, the anisotropy, large at low momenta because of the large-scale forcing, is greatly reduced at high momenta. While exhibits a self-similar cascade front propagation, A ( k , t ) decreases without such self-similar dynamics. Finally, our numerical calculations show that the isotropy of the steady state is robust with respect to the amplitude of the drive.