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周波数域線形量子光回路を用いた大規模量子シミュレータの構築

アルト ホサカ, Aruto Hosaka, 有杜 保坂

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

本研究課題の将来的な目的は周波数多重量子状態を活用し、比較的小規模な実験系で大規模な革新的量子シミュレータの構築を行うことである。この課題内では周波数次元上に多重化された量子状態の生成を行い、さらにこれらの混合素子の開発に取り組んだ。 まず、我々は位相整合条件を設計されたPPKTP結晶を用いてスクイズド状態を周波数軸上に並行生成する実験を行った。先行研究においても周波数軸上にスクイズド光を並行生成した成果が報告されてきたが、本研究ではプログラマブルな量子シミュレータの構築に向けて、これらの周波数多重スクイズド光を独立に制御することを目指した。そのために、本研究では周波数多重スクイズド光の生成に位相整合条件を設計されたPPKTP結晶を用いた。この特殊な結晶の性質を活用することで、周波数軸上で多重化された量子状態にポンプ光スペクトルとの独立な対応関係が生じる。さらに、この結晶の励起パルスに高精度波形整形技術を組み合わせることで、生成されたスクイズド光を独立に操作した。 実際に実験によって周波数多重スクイズド光の並行生成および独立制御を行い、その成果をレーザー学会学術講演会第40回年次大会およびThe 9th "Advanced Lasers and Photon Sources Conference" (ALPS2020)において口頭発表し、論文投稿準備が完了している状態である。 また、同時に生成した周波数多重スクイズド光の活用のために非線形光学による周波数域線形回路の構築を行った。ここでは非線形媒質としてType-II PPLN結晶を採用した。この結晶を用いた周波数特性解析実験によって7モード程度の周波数域量子干渉が可能であることを実証した。しかし、高性能の周波数領域干渉のために必要な非線形効果が十分に確保できなかったために、バルクの結晶ではなく導波路構造を新たに採用することにした。そこで、導波路型のPPLN結晶のモード構造およびモード特性を数値解析により特定し、物質材料研究機構・日本碍子との共同研究により実際に導波路PPLN結晶を作製した。 The future goal of this project is to construct a large-scale quantum simulator in a relatively small experimental setup by utilizing frequency-multiplexed quantum states. In this project, we have generated multiplexed quantum states in the frequency domain and developed a linear mixer for these quantum states. First, we experimentally demonstrated the parallel generation of squeezed states in the frequency domain using a dispersion-engineered PPKTP crystal. Similar experiments have been reported even in the previous works. However, we aim to independently control these frequency-multiplexed squeezed lights for the construction of a programmable quantum simulator. For this purpose, we used a dispersion-engineered PPKTP crystal for the generation of frequency-multiplexed squeezed light. By taking advantage of the special property of the PPKTP crystal, quantum states multiplexed in the frequency domain have an independent correspondence to the spectral modes of the pump pulse. As a result, the generated squeezed light was independently manipulated by high-precision pulse shaping technic. We experimentally demonstrated the parallel generation and independent control of frequency-multiplexed squeezed states, and the results have been presented orally at the 40th Annual Conference of the Laser Society of Japan and the 9th "Advanced Lasers and Photon Sources Conference" (ALPS2020). In addition, we also constructed a frequency-domain linear circuit with nonlinear optics. In this experiment, a type-II PPLN crystal is employed as a nonlinear medium. The experimental analysis of joint spectral amplitude using this crystal showed that the 7-mode frequency-multiplexed quantum interference is possible. However, we failed to secure a sufficient amount of the nonlinear effect due to the limited pump power, so we decided to employ a waveguide crystal instead of the bulk crystal. The mode structure and properties of waveguide PPLN crystals were identified by numerical analysis, and waveguide PPLN crystals were actually fabricated in collaboration with National Institute for Materials Science and NGK Insulators.

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本研究課題の将来的な目的は周波数多重量子状態を活用し、比較的小規模な実験系で大規模な革新的量子シミュレータの構築を行うことである。この課題内では周波数次元上に多重化された量子状態の生成を行い、さらにこれらの混合素子の開発に取り組んだ。 まず、我々は位相整合条件を設計されたPPKTP結晶を用いてスクイズド状態を周波数軸上に並行生成する実験を行った。先行研究においても周波数軸上にスクイズド光を並行生成した成果が報告されてきたが、本研究ではプログラマブルな量子シミュレータの構築に向けて、これらの周波数多重スクイズド光を独立に制御することを目指した。そのために、本研究では周波数多重スクイズド光の生成に位相整合条件を設計されたPPKTP結晶を用いた。この特殊な結晶の性質を活用することで、周波数軸上で多重化された量子状態にポンプ光スペクトルとの独立な対応関係が生じる。さらに、この結晶の励起パルスに高精度波形整形技術を組み合わせることで、生成されたスクイズド光を独立に操作した。 実際に実験によって周波数多重スクイズド光の並行生成および独立制御を行い、その成果をレーザー学会学術講演会第40回年次大会およびThe 9th "Advanced Lasers and Photon Sources Conference" (ALPS2020)において口頭発表し、論文投稿準備が完了している状態である。 また、同時に生成した周波数多重スクイズド光の活用のために非線形光学による周波数域線形回路の構築を行った。ここでは非線形媒質としてType-II PPLN結晶を採用した。この結晶を用いた周波数特性解析実験によって7モード程度の周波数域量子干渉が可能であることを実証した。しかし、高性能の周波数領域干渉のために必要な非線形効果が十分に確保できなかったために、バルクの結晶ではなく導波路構造を新たに採用することにした。そこで、導波路型のPPLN結晶のモード構造およびモード特性を数値解析により特定し、物質材料研究機構・日本碍子との共同研究により実際に導波路PPLN結晶を作製した。 The future goal of this project is to construct a large-scale quantum simulator in a relatively small experimental setup by utilizing frequency-multiplexed quantum states. In this project, we have generated multiplexed quantum states in the frequency domain and developed a linear mixer for these quantum states. First, we experimentally demonstrated the parallel generation of squeezed states in the frequency domain using a dispersion-engineered PPKTP crystal. Similar experiments have been reported even in the previous works. However, we aim to independently control these frequency-multiplexed squeezed lights for the construction of a programmable quantum simulator. For this purpose, we used a dispersion-engineered PPKTP crystal for the generation of frequency-multiplexed squeezed light. By taking advantage of the special property of the PPKTP crystal, quantum states multiplexed in the frequency domain have an independent correspondence to the spectral modes of the pump pulse. As a result, the generated squeezed light was independently manipulated by high-precision pulse shaping technic. We experimentally demonstrated the parallel generation and independent control of frequency-multiplexed squeezed states, and the results have been presented orally at the 40th Annual Conference of the Laser Society of Japan and the 9th "Advanced Lasers and Photon Sources Conference" (ALPS2020). In addition, we also constructed a frequency-domain linear circuit with nonlinear optics. In this experiment, a type-II PPLN crystal is employed as a nonlinear medium. The experimental analysis of joint spectral amplitude using this crystal showed that the 7-mode frequency-multiplexed quantum interference is possible. However, we failed to secure a sufficient amount of the nonlinear effect due to the limited pump power, so we decided to employ a waveguide crystal instead of the bulk crystal. The mode structure and properties of waveguide PPLN crystals were identified by numerical analysis, and waveguide PPLN crystals were actually fabricated in collaboration with National Institute for Materials Science and NGK Insulators.
We propose a large-scale quantum simulator by multiplexing optical quantum modes in the frequency domain and arbitrarily mixing them as a boson sampling optical circuit to obtain Franc Condon Factor of large molecules. By shaping 785-nm femtosecond pump laser pulses, we generate multimode squeezed states via spontaneous parametric down conversion with a type-II PPKTP. Sum frequency mixing using a type-II PPLN between the multimode squeezed states and gate pulses that are shaped to the arbitrary superposition of the multi-spectral mode functions acts as programmable quantum gating. We complete the quantum simulation by time-dependent photon number detection at the sum-frequency wavelength at 517 nm. We describe the advantage of quantum mode manipulation in the frequency domain and place a special emphasis on group velocity dispersion engineering required to achieve them.
We experimentally demonstrate programmable multimode phase-sensitive amplification multiplexed in the frequency domain for flexible control of parallelly generated squeezed states. We utilize the unique phase-matching condition of a type-II periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystal and pulse shaping technique to fully control the frequency-domain parallel generation of squeezed states in the optical telecommunication band. We experimentally verify that the independent programmability of phase-sensitive optical parametric amplification (OPA) for the modes corresponding to different frequency bands can be achieved by shaping the pump laser pulse from optical parametric gain measurements using a coherent probe light generated by a degenerate synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator.
本文在"不完美圆"几何本体论框架下,重新解读量子纠缠的本质。传统量子力学中,纠缠是两粒子间的非局域关联,但未解释为什么会有这种关联、为什么不受距离限制、为什么不能用于超光速传递信息。本文提出:量子纠缠不是"两个粒子之间的神秘连接",而是半径层(369)共享结构在圆周层(124578)上的投影。两个纠缠粒子在圆周上相隔很远,但在半径层上,它们从未分开过——它们共享同一个形变结构。空间距离只是圆周上的距离,半径层没有距离。所以关联不受圆周距离限制,不受光速限制。本文进一步论证,纠缠之所以不能用于超光速传递信息,是因为测量结果是随机的,无法控制。本文给出三条可检验推论:纠缠关联度应与半径层共享结构的深度相关;纠缠粒子应在圆周层上表现出结构性对应;纠缠关联的衰减应与局部缺口密度相关 本文是“不完美的圆”系列研究中关于量子非局域性的核心篇目,将量子纠缠解释为半径层共享结构在圆周上的必然投影,彻底消解了“超光速传递”的悖论。
Summary form only given. Optical linear circuit is one of the most important parts for optical quantum computing. The optical circuit, which consists of mode mixers and phase shifters, has been used in various quantum protocols: cluster state generation, Boson sampling, and quantum random walk. To realize a large-scale linear circuit, waveguide-based quantum circuits have experimentally been demonstrated by some groups [1, 2]. However, such a waveguide-based circuit cannot overcome issues of flexibility and loss.On the other hand, recently, a quantum pulse gate (QPG), which enables mode extraction from multimode quantum fields in the frequency domain, has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated [3]. For utilizing the frequency resource of photon field, parallel generations of single photons or multimode squeezed states in the frequency domain, namely time-frequency Schmidt modes, have been demonstrated. In such a wavelengthdivision-multiplexed quantum circuit, this mode extraction corresponds to one row of a linear unitary rotation of the Schmidt modes. It is achieved by sum frequency generation between a spectrally-shaped classical pulse and a quantum weak pulse. The arbitrary mode extraction can be designed by the pulse shaping with a high efficiency. In this report, we propose a multistage QPG which is a simple, flexible and highly efficient quantum linear optical circuit. We devised a novel multipass 4-f system to map the frequency multimode quantum states into the spatiotemporal domain with a single nonlinear crystal (Fig. 1(a)). Furthermore, we show its application to a quantum simulator for calculating molecular vibronic absorption spectra [4] (Fig. 1(b)).