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Interference Between Past and Future Events in F ?? K anti K Decays

Srivastava Y. N., Widom A.

Published Feb 12, 1993• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Einstein-Tolman-Podolsky (ETP) effect showing the quantum interference of amplitudes for past future (time-like separated) events is discussed for a proposed experiment on the \\Phi\\rightarrow K\\overline{K} decay processes. Within the proposed resolution of the experiment, and the known magnitudes of CP violating amplitudes, the ETC effect may be susceptible to laboratory tests.

DOI
10.15161/oar.it/ccfaq-s6k43

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arXiv:1912.04798•Physical review. D/Physical review. D.•Jun 3, 2022•10 citations
The Einstein-Tolman-Podolsky (ETP) effect showing the quantum interference of amplitudes for past future (time-like separated) events is discussed for a proposed experiment on the \Phi\rightarrow K\overline{K} decay processes. Within the proposed resolution of the experiment, and the known magnitudes of CP violating amplitudes, the ETC effect may be susceptible to laboratory tests.
Entangled neutral K-mesons allow the study of their correlated dynamics at interference and decoherence times not accessible in any other system. We find novel quantum phenomena associated to a correlation-in-time between the two partners: the state of the first decayed Kaon, when it was entangled before its decay, is influenced by the result and the time of the future observation of the second decay channel. This surprising from future to past effect is fully observable and leads to the unique experimental tag of the KS-state, an unsolved problem since the discovery of CP violation.
The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement of a neutral K-meson (kaon) pair enjoys the peculiar quantum behaviour of mixing, charge-parity CP{\cal CP}CP violation (C{\cal C}C - charge conjugation, P{\cal P}P - parity) and two non-orthogonal eigenstates of definite time evolution KLK_LKL​ and KSK_SKS​ with very different lifetimes. The dynamics of this strange entanglement, experimentally accessible at the ϕ\phiϕ-factory, makes possible the search for novel phenomena not accessible in any other system, i.e. at interference times and at decoherence times of the single partners after their disentanglement, in order to unveil the nature of the correlation between the two neutral kaons. Until now, the studies have been concentrated on the single kaon intensity distribution between the two decay times t1t_1t1​ and t2t_2t2​ with Δt=t2−t1>0\Delta t = t_2 - t_1 > 0Δt=t2​−t1​>0. Here we show that the entire two single time distributions, before each decay, are physical in both senses: past to future, leading to the state of the living partner at time t2t_2t2​ from the observation of the first decay channel at t1t_1t1​, and future to past, leading to the past state of the decayed kaon at time t1t_1t1​ from the observation of the second decay channel at t2t_2t2​. Our results thus demonstrate an affirmative answer to the title: it does, the past decayed state depends on the result of the future measurement for the living partner. This novel effect is truly observable through the first decay time distributions. Besides the implications for quantum physics for all Δt\Delta tΔt, at large decoherence times the resulting first decayed state is always KSK_SKS​, providing a genuine tag of this kaon state in the decoherence region, and a unique and important experimental tool to prepare a pure KSK_SKS​ beam.
Abstract Novel quantum phenomena have been recently discussed [1] in association to a peculiar time correlation between entangled neutral kaons produced at a ϕ-factory: the past state of the first decayed kaon, when it was still entangled before its decay, is post-tagged by the result and the time of the future observation on the other kan decay. This surprising “from future to past” effect is fully observable and leads to the unique experimental tag of the KS state, an unsolved problem since the discovery of CP violation. The first preliminary results obtained on the analysis of data collected by the KLOE experiment at the DAΦNE collider, and showing experimental evidence of this new effect are presented.
The quantum interference between the decays of entangled neutral kaons is a very powerful tool for testing the quantum coherence of the entangled kaon pair state. The studied process ϕ→KSKL→π+π−π+π−\phi\rightarrow K_SK_L\rightarrow\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-ϕ→KS​KL​→π+π−π+π− exhibits the characteristic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations that prevent both kaons to decay into π+π−\pi^+\pi^-π+π− at the same time. The newly published result is based on data sample collected with the KLOE detector at DAΦ\PhiΦNE and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 1.7 fb−1^{-1}−1 , i.e. to ∼\sim∼ 1.7 ×\times× 109^99 ϕ→KSKL\phi\rightarrow K_SK_Lϕ→KS​KL​ decays. From the fit to the observed time difference distribution of the two kaon decays, the decoherence and CPT violation parameters of various phenomenological models are measured. A stringent upper limit on the branching ratio of the ϕ→KSKS,KLKL\phi \rightarrow K_S K_S , K_L K_Lϕ→KS​KS​,KL​KL​ decay is also derived. Independently, the comparison of neutral meson transition rates between flavour and CP eigenstates allows direct and model independent tests of time-reversal T and CPT symmetries to be conducted, through ratios of rates of two classes of processes: KSKL→(π±e∓ν)(3π0)K_S K_L \to (\pi^{\pm}e^{\mp}\nu)(3\pi^0)KS​KL​→(π±e∓ν)(3π0) and KSKL→(π+π−)(π±e∓ν)K_S K_L \to (\pi^{+}\pi^{-})(\pi^{\pm}e^{\mp}\nu)KS​KL​→(π+π−)(π±e∓ν). In addition to this a straightforward extension to the case of CPT symmetry is performed providing the first model independent test of CPT symmetry violation in transitions of neutral kaons.
Quantum mechanics and general relativity have been each successfully tested in numerous experiments. However, the regime where both theories are jointly required to explain physical phenomena remains untested by laboratory experiments, and is also not fully understood by theory. This contribution reviews recent ideas for a new type of experiments: quantum interference of "clocks", which aim to test novel quantum effects that arise from time dilation. "Clock" interference experiments could be realised with atoms or photons in near future laboratory experiments.
Entangled neutral KKK mesons allow for the study of their correlated dynamics at interference and decoherence times not accessible in any other system. We find novel quantum phenomena associated to a correlation in time between the two partners: The past state of the first decayed kaon, when it was entangled before its decay, is post-tagged by the result and the time of the future observation of the second decay channel. This surprising ``from future to past'' effect is fully observable and leads to the unique experimental tag of the KS{K}_{S}KS​ state, an unsolved problem since the discovery of CPCPCP violation.