Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

OITS International Conference on Information Technology (OCIT)

Secure Communication for Industrial Applications via Measurement-Based Distributed Quantum Computing

Namisha Gupta, Divya Punia, Kumar Gautam, Geeta Sikka, Ajay K. Sharma

Published Dec 18, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recent advances in quantum technologies are rapidly pushing the boundaries of computational capabilities, with the promise of significant speedups across a variety of applications. However, building large-scale monolithic quantum processors remains an immense engineering challenge, motivating the pursuit of alternative paradigms to realize practical quantum advantage. One such paradigm is Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC), which interconnects multiple quantum nodes via quantum networks to collectively perform complex computations. While Circuit-Based Quantum Computing (CBQC) has traditionally been the dominant model, Measurement-Based Quantum Computing (MBQC), with its one-way computation framework and pre-shared entangled cluster states, introduces distinctive benefits for distributed architectures. Importantly, within DQC, MBQC offers enhanced security over CBQC by naturally supporting protocols such as Blind Quantum Computation (BQC) and secure delegated processing. This study offers an application-oriented perspective on the role of MBQC in DQC, highlighting concrete industrial use cases alongside key implementation challenges. By bridging theoretical potential with practical deployment considerations, it aims to accelerate progress toward secure and scalable distributed quantum systems.

DOI
10.1109/ocit66168.2025.11400031

Related papers

Distributed quantum computing models: Study of architectures and models for the distribution of quantum computing tasks across multiple quantum nodes

Akaash Vishal Hazarika, Mahak Shah

The exploration of distributed quantum computing (DQC) represents a significant frontier in quantum information science, aiming to harness the unique properties of quantum mechanics to solve complex computational problems effectively. This paper discusses the diverse architectures and models that facilitate the distribution of quantum computing tasks across multiple quantum nodes, thereby addressing the limitations inherent in single quantum devices. DQC systems exploit the principles of superposition and entanglement to enhance computational capabilities beyond what classical computing systems can achieve. We examine various DQC architectures, including both quantum-classical hybrid systems and fully quantum distributed systems, highlighting their respective benefits and challenges. Key issues such as coherence, communication overhead, and error correction are discussed in detail, and we analyze specific use cases where DQC demonstrates superior performance relative to classical computing approaches, including optimization problems in logistics and finance, as well as quantum simulations for material science. Furthermore, we identify future research directions aimed at overcoming existing barriers to the practical implementation of DQC systems. By assessing the current landscape and future possibilities of DQC, this paper underscores the transformative potential of distributed quantum computing in various fields, paving the way for realizing more complex quantum algorithms and applications.

International Journal of Science and Research Archive•Dec 30, 2024•5 citations

Circuit-based vs. measurement-based quantum computing: a comparative analysis, layered metrics, and decision flow for approach selection

Harashta Tatimma Larasati, Byung-Soo Choi

Circuit-based quantum computing (CBQC), also known as the gate model, is currently regarded as the leading paradigm for performing quantum computation and has garnered widespread interest due to its relatively better-established implementation and close intuitive resemblance to classical computation. However, an alternative model that solely utilizes single-qubit measurements on entangled states to perform computation, namely the measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC), has started to attract further research interest as it is deemed more naturally suited for certain quantum hardware architectures, though its actual implementation remains largely underexplored. Recently, there have been preliminary efforts to characterize the specific regimes in which MBQC may potentially be more advantageous compared to CBQC. Nevertheless, a more systematic assessment is necessary to assess the suitability of each model across a broader range of more practical cases. In this work, we present a detailed comparative analysis of CBQC and MBQC, beginning with reviewing the theoretical foundations of each model before highlighting its distinguishing features that set the two paradigms apart. Furthermore, building on previous work, we propose a generalized regime analysis that more accurately captures the conditions under which a given quantum algorithm is more favorably executed in MBQC or CBQC. Subsequently, we identify critical parameters that likely determine whether a quantum algorithm is better suited to CBQC or MBQC, categorizing detailed key factors and performance metrics into layers of quantum computation. Next, we propose a decision flow that, given specific hardware constraints and algorithm requirements, guides the selection to the most appropriate model, discussing suitability in two representative worked examples of quantum algorithm applications: Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) and Variational Quantum Algorithm (VQE). Last, we discuss the potential to combine both models as a hybrid approach to leverage the best of both worlds and explore its benefits for practical quantum computing applications.

EPJ Quantum Technology•Feb 27, 2026•0 citations

DC-MBQC: A Distributed Compilation Framework for Measurement-Based Quantum Computing

Yecheng Xue, Rui Yang, Zhiding Liang +1 more

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is a promising technique for scaling up quantum systems. While significant progress has been made in DQC for quantum circuit models, there exists much less research on DQC for measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC), which is a universal quantum computing model that is essentially different from the circuit model and particularly well-suited to photonic quantum platforms. In this paper, we propose DC-MBQC, the first distributed quantum compilation framework tailored for MBQC. We identify and address two key challenges in enabling DQC for MBQC. First, for task allocation among quantum processing units (QPUs), we develop an adaptive graph partitioning algorithm that preserves the structure of the graph state while balancing the workload across QPUs. Second, for inter-QPU communication, we introduce the layer scheduling problem and propose an algorithm to solve it. Regrading realistic hardware requirements, we optimize the execution time of running quantum programs and the corresponding required photon lifetime to avoid fatal failures caused by photon loss. Our experiments demonstrate a $7.46\times$ improvement on required photon lifetime and $6.82\times$ speedup with 8 fully-connected QPUs, which further confirm the advantage of distributed quantum computing in photonic systems. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/qfcwj/DC-MBQC.

quant-pharXiv:2601.00214•Jan 2, 2026•0 citations

DC-MBQC: A Distributed Compilation Framework for Measurement-Based Quantum Computing

Yecheng Xue, Rui Yang, Zhiding Liang +1 more

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is a promising technique for scaling up quantum systems. While significant progress has been made in DQC for quantum circuit models, there exists much less research on DQC for measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC), which is a universal quantum computing model that is essentially different from the circuit model and particularly well-suited to photonic quantum platforms. In this paper, we propose DC-MBQC, the first distributed quantum compilation framework tailored for MBQC. We identify and address two key challenges in enabling DQC for MBQC. First, for task allocation among quantum processing units (QPUs), we develop an adaptive graph partitioning algorithm that preserves the structure of the graph state while balancing the workload across QPUs. Second, for inter-QPU communication, we introduce the layer scheduling problem and propose an algorithm to solve it. Regrading realistic hardware requirements, we optimize the execution time of running quantum programs and the corresponding required photon lifetime to avoid fatal failures caused by photon loss. Our experiments demonstrate a$7.46 \times$improvement on required photon lifetime and$6.82 \times$speedup with 8 fully-connected QPUs, which further confirm the advantage of distributed quantum computing in photonic systems.

IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture (HPCA)•Jan 31, 2026•0 citations

Towards a Distributed Quantum Computing Platform for Algorithm Experiments

Sajjad Kashani, Angadh Singh, Ulrike Stege

Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is a rapidly evolving field with its own unique challenges. Distributing a quantum algorithm involves several key steps and considerations. The steps involve decomposition at various levels of abstraction, given the underlying quantum stack and quantum network capabilities. In our DQC design explorations, we focus on the distribution at the algorithm and circuit levels. Algorithmic distribution involves distributing tasks before compilation, allowing different quantum processing units (QPUs) to receive distinct parts of an algorithm. Circuit distribution involves executing a quantum algorithm in a distributed manner at the circuit execution level using circuit and adaptive quantum technologies. If entanglement across QPUs is supported, then quantum states can be shared between qubits on remote quantum processors. This requires a specialized architecture with data and communication qubits with non-local gates such as telegates and teledata gates. This paper presents our progress towards a framework for exploring quantum distribution at the algorithm and circuit levels. Our implementation and case studies demonstrate the feasibility of our approach and show effective pathways for distributed quantum algorithm experiments.

IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)•Sep 15, 2024•1 citation

Unifying Communication Paradigms in Measurement-based Delegated Quantum Computing

Fabian Wiesner, Jens Eisert, Anna Pappa

Delegated quantum computing (DQC) allows clients with low quantum capabilities to outsource computations to a server hosting a quantum computer. This process is often envisioned within the measurement-based quantum computing framework, as it naturally facilitates blindness of inputs and computation. Hence, the overall process of setting up and conducting the computation encompasses a sequence of three stages: preparing the qubits, entangling the qubits to obtain the resource state, and measuring the qubits to run the computation. There are two primary approaches to distributing these stages between the client and the server that impose different constraints on cryptographic techniques and experimental implementations. In the prepare-and-send setting, the client prepares the qubits and sends them to the server, while in the receive-and-measure setting, the client receives the qubits from the server and measures them. Although these settings have been extensively studied independently, their interrelation and whether setting-dependent theoretical constraints are inevitable remain unclear. By implementing the key components of most DQC protocols in the respective missing setting, we provide a method to build prospective protocols in both settings simultaneously and to translate existing protocols from one setting into the other.

arXiv:2506.21988•ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing•Mar 10, 2026•0 citations
Recent advances in quantum technologies are rapidly pushing the boundaries of computational capabilities, with the promise of significant speedups across a variety of applications. However, building large-scale monolithic quantum processors remains an immense engineering challenge, motivating the pursuit of alternative paradigms to realize practical quantum advantage. One such paradigm is Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC), which interconnects multiple quantum nodes via quantum networks to collectively perform complex computations. While Circuit-Based Quantum Computing (CBQC) has traditionally been the dominant model, Measurement-Based Quantum Computing (MBQC), with its one-way computation framework and pre-shared entangled cluster states, introduces distinctive benefits for distributed architectures. Importantly, within DQC, MBQC offers enhanced security over CBQC by naturally supporting protocols such as Blind Quantum Computation (BQC) and secure delegated processing. This study offers an application-oriented perspective on the role of MBQC in DQC, highlighting concrete industrial use cases alongside key implementation challenges. By bridging theoretical potential with practical deployment considerations, it aims to accelerate progress toward secure and scalable distributed quantum systems.
The exploration of distributed quantum computing (DQC) represents a significant frontier in quantum information science, aiming to harness the unique properties of quantum mechanics to solve complex computational problems effectively. This paper discusses the diverse architectures and models that facilitate the distribution of quantum computing tasks across multiple quantum nodes, thereby addressing the limitations inherent in single quantum devices. DQC systems exploit the principles of superposition and entanglement to enhance computational capabilities beyond what classical computing systems can achieve. We examine various DQC architectures, including both quantum-classical hybrid systems and fully quantum distributed systems, highlighting their respective benefits and challenges. Key issues such as coherence, communication overhead, and error correction are discussed in detail, and we analyze specific use cases where DQC demonstrates superior performance relative to classical computing approaches, including optimization problems in logistics and finance, as well as quantum simulations for material science. Furthermore, we identify future research directions aimed at overcoming existing barriers to the practical implementation of DQC systems. By assessing the current landscape and future possibilities of DQC, this paper underscores the transformative potential of distributed quantum computing in various fields, paving the way for realizing more complex quantum algorithms and applications.
Circuit-based quantum computing (CBQC), also known as the gate model, is currently regarded as the leading paradigm for performing quantum computation and has garnered widespread interest due to its relatively better-established implementation and close intuitive resemblance to classical computation. However, an alternative model that solely utilizes single-qubit measurements on entangled states to perform computation, namely the measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC), has started to attract further research interest as it is deemed more naturally suited for certain quantum hardware architectures, though its actual implementation remains largely underexplored. Recently, there have been preliminary efforts to characterize the specific regimes in which MBQC may potentially be more advantageous compared to CBQC. Nevertheless, a more systematic assessment is necessary to assess the suitability of each model across a broader range of more practical cases. In this work, we present a detailed comparative analysis of CBQC and MBQC, beginning with reviewing the theoretical foundations of each model before highlighting its distinguishing features that set the two paradigms apart. Furthermore, building on previous work, we propose a generalized regime analysis that more accurately captures the conditions under which a given quantum algorithm is more favorably executed in MBQC or CBQC. Subsequently, we identify critical parameters that likely determine whether a quantum algorithm is better suited to CBQC or MBQC, categorizing detailed key factors and performance metrics into layers of quantum computation. Next, we propose a decision flow that, given specific hardware constraints and algorithm requirements, guides the selection to the most appropriate model, discussing suitability in two representative worked examples of quantum algorithm applications: Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) and Variational Quantum Algorithm (VQE). Last, we discuss the potential to combine both models as a hybrid approach to leverage the best of both worlds and explore its benefits for practical quantum computing applications.
Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is a promising technique for scaling up quantum systems. While significant progress has been made in DQC for quantum circuit models, there exists much less research on DQC for measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC), which is a universal quantum computing model that is essentially different from the circuit model and particularly well-suited to photonic quantum platforms. In this paper, we propose DC-MBQC, the first distributed quantum compilation framework tailored for MBQC. We identify and address two key challenges in enabling DQC for MBQC. First, for task allocation among quantum processing units (QPUs), we develop an adaptive graph partitioning algorithm that preserves the structure of the graph state while balancing the workload across QPUs. Second, for inter-QPU communication, we introduce the layer scheduling problem and propose an algorithm to solve it. Regrading realistic hardware requirements, we optimize the execution time of running quantum programs and the corresponding required photon lifetime to avoid fatal failures caused by photon loss. Our experiments demonstrate a 7.46×7.46\times7.46× improvement on required photon lifetime and 6.82×6.82\times6.82× speedup with 8 fully-connected QPUs, which further confirm the advantage of distributed quantum computing in photonic systems. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/qfcwj/DC-MBQC.
Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is a promising technique for scaling up quantum systems. While significant progress has been made in DQC for quantum circuit models, there exists much less research on DQC for measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC), which is a universal quantum computing model that is essentially different from the circuit model and particularly well-suited to photonic quantum platforms. In this paper, we propose DC-MBQC, the first distributed quantum compilation framework tailored for MBQC. We identify and address two key challenges in enabling DQC for MBQC. First, for task allocation among quantum processing units (QPUs), we develop an adaptive graph partitioning algorithm that preserves the structure of the graph state while balancing the workload across QPUs. Second, for inter-QPU communication, we introduce the layer scheduling problem and propose an algorithm to solve it. Regrading realistic hardware requirements, we optimize the execution time of running quantum programs and the corresponding required photon lifetime to avoid fatal failures caused by photon loss. Our experiments demonstrate a7.46×7.46 \times7.46×improvement on required photon lifetime and6.82×6.82 \times6.82×speedup with 8 fully-connected QPUs, which further confirm the advantage of distributed quantum computing in photonic systems.
Distributed quantum computing (DQC) is a rapidly evolving field with its own unique challenges. Distributing a quantum algorithm involves several key steps and considerations. The steps involve decomposition at various levels of abstraction, given the underlying quantum stack and quantum network capabilities. In our DQC design explorations, we focus on the distribution at the algorithm and circuit levels. Algorithmic distribution involves distributing tasks before compilation, allowing different quantum processing units (QPUs) to receive distinct parts of an algorithm. Circuit distribution involves executing a quantum algorithm in a distributed manner at the circuit execution level using circuit and adaptive quantum technologies. If entanglement across QPUs is supported, then quantum states can be shared between qubits on remote quantum processors. This requires a specialized architecture with data and communication qubits with non-local gates such as telegates and teledata gates. This paper presents our progress towards a framework for exploring quantum distribution at the algorithm and circuit levels. Our implementation and case studies demonstrate the feasibility of our approach and show effective pathways for distributed quantum algorithm experiments.
Delegated quantum computing (DQC) allows clients with low quantum capabilities to outsource computations to a server hosting a quantum computer. This process is often envisioned within the measurement-based quantum computing framework, as it naturally facilitates blindness of inputs and computation. Hence, the overall process of setting up and conducting the computation encompasses a sequence of three stages: preparing the qubits, entangling the qubits to obtain the resource state, and measuring the qubits to run the computation. There are two primary approaches to distributing these stages between the client and the server that impose different constraints on cryptographic techniques and experimental implementations. In the prepare-and-send setting, the client prepares the qubits and sends them to the server, while in the receive-and-measure setting, the client receives the qubits from the server and measures them. Although these settings have been extensively studied independently, their interrelation and whether setting-dependent theoretical constraints are inevitable remain unclear. By implementing the key components of most DQC protocols in the respective missing setting, we provide a method to build prospective protocols in both settings simultaneously and to translate existing protocols from one setting into the other.