BB84 ja E91 kvanttisalausavainten vaihto protokollat

Vartiainen, Juha

Vani Jayasri Geddada, Prof. P.V. Lakshmi

This paper focuses on the implementation and comparative analysis of two widely studied QKD protocols. The BB84 and E91 protocols are security measures that were devised back in the 1980s and 90s by experts like Charles Bennett and Ekaterina S. Ekert. This paper demonstrates with Qiskit protocol implementation documentation and simulation results together with extensive security analysis how BB84 and E91 protocols can be utilized through an open-source quantum computing framework developed by IBM. This paper aims to examine the BB84 and E91 protocol resistance to eavesdropping invasions while testing their performance across different communication ranges. We utilize quantum superposition to encode information into qubits during BB84 protocol implementation which allows us to simulate an intercept-resend attack to determine its vulnerability. Research shows that BB84 provides simpler execution yet suffers from more eavesdropping attacks especially at extended distances through increased error rates from interception methods. E91 protocol achieves detection of eavesdropping by distributing entangled qubits between two parties so measurements of those qubits reveal tampering through their outcome correlations. Our experimental findings confirm that E91 delivers enhanced security capabilities through its ability to keep errors minimal across longer distances thus demonstrating resistance against distance-related threats. The comparative analysis underscores the strengths and limitations of each protocol. BB84, despite its simplicity and ease of implementation, shows diminished security over longer distances. E91, which uses the non-local properties of entangled qubits, offers enhanced protection for long-distance communication, making it a more practical choice for robust QKD systems.

ルンバントル ソニー, 隆太郎 松本, Ryutaroh Matsumoto +2 more

ソニー ルンバントルアン, 隆太郎 松本, 友彦 植松

Bhavesh B. Prajapati

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a ground-breaking solution to secure communication that uses fundamental quantum mechanics principles to allow for the exchange of cryptographic keys with provable security. BB84 and E91, two of the first and most significant QKD systems, presented two different approaches to using quantum characteristics to prevent eavesdropping and maintain confidentiality. A brief literature review of these two fundamental protocols is presented in this paper. Bennett and Brassard created the BB84 protocol in 1984. It uses polarized photons and detects interception using the uncertainty principle. On the other hand, Bell's theorem and entangled photon pairs are used in the E91 protocol, which was first presented by Ekert in 1991, to guarantee the integrity of the shared key. Each protocol's theoretical foundations, methods of implementation, and relative benefits has been explored in addition to how they have influenced contemporary quantum cryptography systems. This paper attempts to give a basic understanding of QKD and its early advancements by examining the similarities and differences between BB84 and E91.

Долгочуб Евгений Александрович, Alexey N. Polikanin