If frictionless persistence of subatomic particle rotation is enforced by coherence constraints in a particle-supporting environment, then dissipation and coupling to ordinary laboratory degrees of freedom must occur at a boundary where those constraints fail. This paper examines the physical properties of that boundary region, treated not as a geometric surface but as a dynamical interface between two regimes with different allowed processes. Without assuming detailed microphysics, we define a small set of operational boundary parameters—effective thickness, coupling strength, anisotropy, thresholds, dissipation localization, and memory—and show how they map onto long-standing experimental observables in nuclear, atomic, and solid-state physics. We argue that many phenomena traditionally interpreted as intrinsic nuclear or environmental effects may instead be boundary-mediated manifestations of coherence breakdown. A set of discriminating experimental signatures is presented that can distinguish boundary-dominated coupling from bulk dissipation or intrinsic-property models using existing techniques. The aim is to place the coherence-boundary concept at direct experimental risk and to clarify whether such a boundary constitutes a real physical object with measurable properties.
If frictionless persistence of subatomic particle rotation is enforced by coherence constraints in a particle-supporting environment, then dissipation and coupling to ordinary laboratory degrees of freedom must occur at a boundary where those constraints fail. This paper examines the physical properties of that boundary region, treated not as a geometric surface but as a dynamical interface between two regimes with different allowed processes. Without assuming detailed microphysics, we define a small set of operational boundary parameters—effective thickness, coupling strength, anisotropy, thresholds, dissipation localization, and memory—and show how they map onto long-standing experimental observables in nuclear, atomic, and solid-state physics. We argue that many phenomena traditionally interpreted as intrinsic nuclear or environmental effects may instead be boundary-mediated manifestations of coherence breakdown. A set of discriminating experimental signatures is presented that can distinguish boundary-dominated coupling from bulk dissipation or intrinsic-property models using existing techniques. The aim is to place the coherence-boundary concept at direct experimental risk and to clarify whether such a boundary constitutes a real physical object with measurable properties.
(This version has been superceeded, see v.3) Contemporary approaches to physical unification typically emphasize dynamical laws, interpretive frameworks, or information-theoretic reconstructions. Less attention is given to the structural constraints that determine which physical descriptions can remain coherent and stable under interaction, scale transition, and aggregation. This paper develops a constraint-first analysis of coherence, arguing that persistence and unification require restrictions on admissible physical continuations that are not reducible to dynamics alone. Within the framework referred to here as Quantum Coherence Theory (QCT), coherence is treated not as a fragile quantum resource but as a structural property governed by interaction geometry and constraint density. On this view, classical behavior emerges when accumulated constraints sufficiently narrow admissible evolution, while quantum behavior re-emerges when constraints are relaxed. The account does not introduce new dynamics, collapse mechanisms, or modifications of quantum formalism, but instead clarifies the conditions under which existing formalisms yield stable, unified descriptions. The resulting constraints distinguish QCT from observer-centric, intrinsic-collapse, and purely descriptive decoherence accounts, while remaining compatible with globally unitary dynamics. Formal analysis in later sections develops operational redundancy conditions, admissibility constraints on joint states, and rigidity-style arguments linking redundant record structure to the stability of classical descriptions. These results do not constitute a complete theory of unification, but they narrow the space of physically admissible descriptions and clarify the structural role of coherence in bridging quantum and classical regimes.
This paper, under the core framework of Boundary Interface Theory (BIT), takes the intrinsic property of electrons as standing waves on the spacetime membrane and the quantized orbital constraints induced by proton membrane pressure as the theoretical basis, to conduct an in-depth and systematic study on the physical mechanism and mathematical expression of electron transition, a core dynamic phenomenon of micro quantum systems. Different from traditional quantum mechanics theories that only describe electron transition from the perspective of quantum state superposition and fail to link it with the intrinsic spacetime geometric nature, this study defines electron transition as the modal reconstruction and dynamic evolution of discrete steady-state standing wave eigenmodes on the spacetime membrane, and completes the quantitative derivation and qualitative analysis of electron transition through the phase matching of standing wave superposition, the law of energy conservation and the constraints of geometric potential wells. It further reveals the geometric dynamic origins of the non-intermediate state characteristic and proton membrane-pressure orbital constraint of electron transition: the non-intermediate state is due to the fact that the spacetime geometric potential well formed by proton membrane pressure only supports discrete steady-state standing wave eigenmodes satisfying the phase matching condition, and non-eigenmode standing waves cannot stably exist due to rapid interference cancellation; the orbital constraint results from the fact that electron transition is only the coherent superposition of standing wave eigenmodes within the proton membrane-pressure orbit, and the superposed wave function always satisfies the geometric constraints and boundary conditions of proton membrane pressure with no mathematical possibility of out-of-orbital transition. In addition, the paper derives the quantitative expression of the electron transition energy difference composed of basic physical constants and the characteristic physical quantities of protons and electrons, without introducing any new adjustable parameters or experimental inputs. The derivation is highly self-consistent with the previous research conclusions of Boundary Interface Theory, and is consistent with the experimental observational facts of micro quantum mechanics such as the discreteness of atomic spectra and the shell transition rules of atoms. This research realizes the theoretical closed loop of Boundary Interface Theory from the "intrinsic static existence" of electrons to the "dynamic transition laws", reduces quantum transition phenomena to the geometric dynamic effects of the spacetime membrane, and provides a brand-new theoretical path for exploring the classical geometric origin of quantum phenomena. Finally, the paper prospects the future research directions of Boundary Interface Theory, including extending the research to multi-electron atomic systems, constructing an electron-photon interaction model based on spacetime membrane dynamics, exploring the electron transition characteristics of molecular systems, and studying the spacetime membrane origin of quantum entanglement, which points out the way for the further expansion of the theory and the in-depth integration of quantum mechanics and general relativity.
Traditional formulations of quantum dynamics emphasize bulk evolution governed by unbounded differential operators. In this work, we introduce a unified operator-theoretic framework demonstrating that physical interaction, measurement, and macroscopic reality are fundamentally boundary-resolved phenomena. We define "boundary mechanics" as the spectral constraint structure governing admissible interactions across an interface, and "boundary dynamics" as the time evolution of interface-localized couplings. By embedding these concepts into bipartite open quantum systems (System-Bath architectures), we prove that classical macroscopic events emerge strictly as boundary-induced decoherence projections (einselection). Furthermore, we establish that dynamical coherence is preserved subject to a strict spectral admissibility condition, providing a necessary and physically robust sufficient criterion characterized by the non-vanishing of the regularized Birman-Schwinger determinant: D_boundary(z) = det2(I + K(z)) != 0. This work goes beyond standard decoherence theory by demonstrating that decoherence alone is insufficient as a criterion for classicality; it must be supplemented by a spectral stability condition at the interface. This yields a closed formalism in which macroscopic observable dynamics are governed entirely by spectrally admissible interface interactions, rigorously bridging Zurek's decoherence theory with the Kato-Rellich theorem and Birman-Schwinger perturbation theory.
During the last few years, several studies have proposed the existence of a threshold separating classical from quantum behavior of objects that is dependent on the size and mass of an object as well as being dependent on certain properties usually associated with the universe as a whole. Here, we reexamine the results of these studies and recast the threshold criteria in terms of a critical threshold value for the moments of inertia of physical objects. Physical objects having moments of inertia above this critical threshold value would be expected to behave necessarily in a classical manner in terms of their center of mass motion as entire objects, while physical objects having moments of inertia lower than this threshold value could exhibit quantum behavior unless brought into classicality by other effects. A comparison with observed values of moments of inertia is presented, and the moment of inertia is suggested as a classifying parameter for examination of the quantum versus classical behavior of objects in the mesoscale domain.
This article develops an expanded critical–propositional analysis of Manjin Zhong et al.’s 2015 experiment, “Optically Addressable Nuclear Spins in a Solid with a Six-Hour Coherence Time,” published in Nature 517, 177–180, DOI 10.1038/nature14025, in sys- tematic dialogue with the Theory of Objectivity (TO) formulated by Vidamor Cabannas and Denivaldo Silva. Zhong et al. investigated a ground-state hyperfine transition of 151Eu3+ ions embedded in yttrium orthosilicate, Y2SiO5, using optically detected nuclear magnetic resonance. They reported a decoherence rate of approximately 8 × 10−5 s −1 over a 100-ms interval and, through dynamic decoupling at 2 K, obtained a coherence time of T2 = 370 ± 60 minutes, approximately six hours (Zhong et al., 2015). The experiment is especially relevant to the TO because it demonstrates that physically encoded coherence associated with internal atomic degrees of freedom can persist for macroscopic durations while remaining connected to an optical interface. The present study nevertheless distinguishes strictly among three epistemological levels: what Zhong et al. measured experimentally; what contemporary quantum physics infers from those measurements; and what may be interpreted propositionally within the modal ontology of the TO. Particular attention is given to the Seven Absolute Truths, especially the Second Absolute Truth concerning the individualizing field of each existent element, the Fifth Absolute Truth concerning objective relational observation by at least two other elements, and the Seventh Absolute Truth concerning transcendent information generated through atomic relations. Within the TO, this transcendent element is understood as knowledge or information generated through atomic relations and is regarded as equivalent to atomic radiation. The article argues that Zhong et al. provide strong phenomenological compatibility with several TO themes but do not constitute an experimental proof of the modal axioms. The six-hour coherence experiment does not demonstrate the ontological identity of infor- mation and radiation, does not establish the universal necessity of an individual magnetic field for every element, and does not experimentally establish the triangular ontology of the Fifth Absolute Truth. Nevertheless, it supplies an unusually fertile domain for operational bridges involving fields, boundaries, information persistence, Inducing Effects, atomic memory, radiation, temperature, environmental relations, and non-simultaneity. Subsequent experiments are also examined, including research on frozen-core Y 3+ spins and the extension of coherence in Eu3+ : Y2SiO5 beyond 13 hours, with more than 18 hours obtained for a spectrally selected subensemble (Zhong, Ahlefeldt, and Sellars, 2019; Wang et al., 2025). These later developments reinforce the empirical significance of persistent atomic information without being retroactively attributed to the original 2015 experiment. The central conclusion is that Zhong et al. should be regarded as a major empirical interlocutor for the Theory of Objectivity rather than as proof of the complete system. The strongest scientific path forward is the formulation of differential predictions capable of distinguishing TO-derived expectations from those already supplied by standard quantum theory. Keywords: Theory of Objectivity; quantum coherence; nuclear spin; quantum memory; information; atomic radiation; Eu3+ : Y2SiO5; ZEFOZ; magnetic fields; modal ontology; Inducing Effects; relational observation; decoherence; transcendence.
This work presents a short conceptual analysis of quantum superposition with a focus on its physical realization rather than its mathematical formulation. While superposition is a fundamental principle in the formal structure of quantum mechanics, its physical manifestation depends on specific conditions related to interaction, coherence, and energy conservation. The paper emphasizes the distinction between mathematical possibility and physical representability. It argues that quantum superposition requires strict constraints to be physically maintained, and that in realistic environments—where interaction with internal degrees of freedom or external surroundings is unavoidable—coherent superposition cannot persist. The analysis also discusses extreme physical regimes, with particular attention to black hole event horizons. Instead of treating the event horizon as a region that naturally supports coherent quantum states, the paper examines it as a boundary where the physical representation of such states becomes problematic due to strong gravitational effects, redshift, and information scrambling. This discussion is intended as a conceptual clarification rather than a definitive statement about quantum gravity. The manuscript does not challenge the validity of quantum mechanics. Rather, it aims to clarify the physical conditions under which its core concepts can be meaningfully represented. The work is intended as a conceptual and critical note contributing to discussions in the foundations of quantum mechanics and the interpretation of quantum phenomena in extreme environments. KeywordsQuantum superposition; Physical representation; Decoherence; Event horizon; Foundations of quantum mechanics