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A Discrete-Lattice Numerical Simulation of Near-Field Electron Diffraction and Environmental Decoherence

D. G. Elliman

Published May 25, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

STATUS (18 October 2026). The research programme this paper belongs to — the finite-QEC substrate ("It from Bit") framework — was concluded in October 2026. The author's review found that the framework's Standard-Model content is assigned rather than derived and that no verified prediction yet distinguishes it from standard physics. The claim of a unified derivation is withdrawn. This paper's results are unaffected except where noted below. Current gravity work: 10.5281/zenodo.23458252. Noted: the simulation itself — exact unitary propagation on a grid, compared with diffraction data — stands. Its references to the framework's retired geometries, its isotropy claim for the 4.8.8 lattice (since retracted), and its claim that Born-rule statistics follow from unitary evolution plus decoherence alone go beyond what the simulation shows. We present a highly efficient discrete-lattice numerical method for simulating electron wavepacket propagation, diffraction, and environmental decoherence without relying on continuum ap- proximations. By executing an exact unitary quantum walk on a finite truncated square (4.8.8) lattice, the model natively bridges the near-field (Fresnel) and far-field (Fraunhofer) regimes. The approach avoids the numerical sign problem typical of Monte Carlo path sam- pling and naturally accounts for waveguide collimation effects from finite-thickness physical slits. The simulation yields double-slit interference profiles in close quantitative agreement with empirical nanoscale data. Furthermore, by introducing an orthogonal ancillary lattice dimension, we provide a computationally lightweight method for simulating exact environ- mental decoherence, generating classical Born rule statistics directly from unitary evolution.

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.18793387

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DUPLICATE RECORD (18 October 2026). This record is a duplicate upload of The Double-Slit Experiment on a Discrete Holographic Lattice. Please cite 10.5281/zenodo.18793387 instead. That record — the maintained version of the same simulation — is kept, with a status note. Original description (kept for the record): We show that exact unitary propagation of an electron wavepacket on a fi- nite 4.8.8 lattice reproduces single-slit and double-slit diffraction patterns in close quantitative agreement with experiment, with no continuum approxima- tion. When environmental coupling is introduced at the slit, interference is destroyed and Born rule statistics emerge from decoherence alone. Using the deterministic kinematics of the circlette lattice, we demonstrate that wave- function collapse need not be postulated. The transition from quantum inter- ference to classical probability distributions emerges naturally from unitary evolution through the deterministic tracing-out of environmental degrees of freedom. The lattice addresses the apparent measurement problem through finite bandwidth and orthogonal geometry, requiring no conscious observer. This is the third paper in a series developing the Holographic Circlette frame- work, but remains mathematically self-contained.

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STATUS (18 October 2026). The research programme this paper belongs to — the finite-QEC substrate ("It from Bit") framework — was concluded in October 2026. The author's review found that the framework's Standard-Model content is assigned rather than derived and that no verified prediction yet distinguishes it from standard physics. The claim of a unified derivation is withdrawn. This paper's results are unaffected except where noted below. Current gravity work: 10.5281/zenodo.23458252. ERRATUM — fine-structure constant (18 October 2026). This paper quotes the framework's value of the fine-structure constant, α−1(0) = 137.035999106904 (or the earlier 137.035999077), as agreeing with experiment. That statement is withdrawn. (1) On 11 August 2026 the value was corrected to 137.0359991069051: the earlier figure came from an extrapolation fitted at the wrong order. Against current determinations the corrected value sits −2.26σ from the caesium-recoil value, +9.01σ from the rubidium-recoil value and +3.94σ from the electron-g−2 route. Those determinations disagree with one another, so no single agreement figure can be quoted [K13]. (2) The second-order coefficient behind the value was computed on a four-dimensional hypercubic lattice that the framework's own geometry does not supply. Recomputed on that geometry under a pre-registered procedure, the same formula gives 137.0359985927, 4.26 parts per billion below CODATA 2022, so the claimed agreement does not survive [G87, G88, 24 September 2026]. The bare count α0 = 1/137 used in the paper is a premise of the framework, not a derived result. NOTE ON SCOPE (18 October 2026). Where this paper says that the Standard Model's matter content, charges or gauge structure are derived from, forced by or emerge from the eight-bit error-correcting cell, read encoded in or assigned to. The finite results themselves stand: the code, its constraints and the anomaly arithmetic are exact. But two things are premises of the framework, not consequences: the identification of codewords with particles, and the choice of the eight-bit [8,4,4] cell. In particular, the step from read/write balance to a single CSS code is not derived [R22]. The author's October 2026 review of the programme concluded that the framework's Standard-Model content is assigned rather than derived. No observation currently distinguishes the framework's account from the Standard Model itself. Noted: as an intuition layer, the paper's readings of Standard-Model content as code structure are assignments (see the note on scope above); its fine-structure value is corrected by the erratum above; and its gravity route is conditional [G89, G99]. This article is the intuition layer for the finite quantum-error-correction (QEC) substrate programme. It is written for a reader who knows some quantum mechanics, special relativity, and the Standard Model vocabulary, but who is new to this framework. The aim is not to replace the equations of quantum theory, quantum field theory, or general relativity. The aim is to supply a coherent picture: physical objects are read as stable quantum records; particles are protected patterns in a finite code; interactions are operations on those records; and the classical world is the part of the quantum world that has become robust enough to remember itself. The paper deliberately separates three levels. First, there is standard physics which this framework uses rather than challenges: Hilbert space, amplitudes, decoherence, gauge fields, and relativistic propagation. Second, there are coding-theoretic and combinatorial claims, especially the emergence of the minimal balanced [8,4,4] record cell. Third, there are speculative or conditional bridges to particle spectra, dark-sector physics, gravity, and cosmology. The closing appendix is a field guide to hard questions: for each one it states what the Standard Model says, why that answer is conceptually incomplete or technically hard, and what this framework offers instead.

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•Jul 5, 2026•0 citations

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STATUS (18 October 2026). The physics programme that motivated this work was concluded in October 2026 and its claim of a unified derivation withdrawn. The results in this paper do not depend on that programme and stand as stated. Imagine inspecting a quantum experiment through a programmer's console: what must be stored, what changes when a detector is read, and what can its records tell us? This is a representation, not a hypothesis: nothing here says the universe is a simulation, and nothing here depends on it being one. We examine a proposed physical model built from interacting groups of quantum bits and rules for producing readable measurement records; this is the finite record framework discussed here. The physicist John Archibald Wheeler's phrase "it from bit" asked whether physical reality could be understood through recorded answers to questions. Our systems description asks what structures and operations must exist before such an answer can be produced. Beginning with plain-language explanations of qubits, superposition and entanglement, the paper connects quantum states to data structures, interactions to typed rules, and measurement to state changes and record writes. A small executable example makes these connections tangible. It also exposes the practical research questions: how much memory is required, what repeated use retains, and which physical rules still have to be supplied. Version 0.3. An accessible systems account for readers with an undergraduate mathematical background. Includes a quantum primer, six main diagrams, two appendices, a worked structured-analysis specification, and an executable Bell-pair example. The accompanying archive contains the LaTeX sources, bibliography, Python examples, verification scripts, source bindings and reference checks. The examples distinguish standard quantum calculations from the open physical inputs of the proposed finite record model. They do not constitute a complete universe simulator. The source package supports 441 portable paper checks and 2,372 systems checks over 180 supported outcome branches; authentication against the frozen repository sources raises the paper-check count to 503.

•Sep 7, 2026•0 citations
STATUS (18 October 2026). The research programme this paper belongs to — the finite-QEC substrate ("It from Bit") framework — was concluded in October 2026. The author's review found that the framework's Standard-Model content is assigned rather than derived and that no verified prediction yet distinguishes it from standard physics. The claim of a unified derivation is withdrawn. This paper's results are unaffected except where noted below. Current gravity work: 10.5281/zenodo.23458252. Noted: the simulation itself — exact unitary propagation on a grid, compared with diffraction data — stands. Its references to the framework's retired geometries, its isotropy claim for the 4.8.8 lattice (since retracted), and its claim that Born-rule statistics follow from unitary evolution plus decoherence alone go beyond what the simulation shows. We present a highly efficient discrete-lattice numerical method for simulating electron wavepacket propagation, diffraction, and environmental decoherence without relying on continuum ap- proximations. By executing an exact unitary quantum walk on a finite truncated square (4.8.8) lattice, the model natively bridges the near-field (Fresnel) and far-field (Fraunhofer) regimes. The approach avoids the numerical sign problem typical of Monte Carlo path sam- pling and naturally accounts for waveguide collimation effects from finite-thickness physical slits. The simulation yields double-slit interference profiles in close quantitative agreement with empirical nanoscale data. Furthermore, by introducing an orthogonal ancillary lattice dimension, we provide a computationally lightweight method for simulating exact environ- mental decoherence, generating classical Born rule statistics directly from unitary evolution.
DUPLICATE RECORD (18 October 2026). This record is a duplicate upload of The Double-Slit Experiment on a Discrete Holographic Lattice. Please cite 10.5281/zenodo.18793387 instead. That record — the maintained version of the same simulation — is kept, with a status note. Original description (kept for the record): We show that exact unitary propagation of an electron wavepacket on a fi- nite 4.8.8 lattice reproduces single-slit and double-slit diffraction patterns in close quantitative agreement with experiment, with no continuum approxima- tion. When environmental coupling is introduced at the slit, interference is destroyed and Born rule statistics emerge from decoherence alone. Using the deterministic kinematics of the circlette lattice, we demonstrate that wave- function collapse need not be postulated. The transition from quantum inter- ference to classical probability distributions emerges naturally from unitary evolution through the deterministic tracing-out of environmental degrees of freedom. The lattice addresses the apparent measurement problem through finite bandwidth and orthogonal geometry, requiring no conscious observer. This is the third paper in a series developing the Holographic Circlette frame- work, but remains mathematically self-contained.
STATUS (18 October 2026). The research programme this paper belongs to — the finite-QEC substrate ("It from Bit") framework — was concluded in October 2026. The author's review found that the framework's Standard-Model content is assigned rather than derived and that no verified prediction yet distinguishes it from standard physics. The claim of a unified derivation is withdrawn. This paper's results are unaffected except where noted below. Current gravity work: 10.5281/zenodo.23458252. ERRATUM — fine-structure constant (18 October 2026). This paper quotes the framework's value of the fine-structure constant, α−1(0) = 137.035999106904 (or the earlier 137.035999077), as agreeing with experiment. That statement is withdrawn. (1) On 11 August 2026 the value was corrected to 137.0359991069051: the earlier figure came from an extrapolation fitted at the wrong order. Against current determinations the corrected value sits −2.26σ from the caesium-recoil value, +9.01σ from the rubidium-recoil value and +3.94σ from the electron-g−2 route. Those determinations disagree with one another, so no single agreement figure can be quoted [K13]. (2) The second-order coefficient behind the value was computed on a four-dimensional hypercubic lattice that the framework's own geometry does not supply. Recomputed on that geometry under a pre-registered procedure, the same formula gives 137.0359985927, 4.26 parts per billion below CODATA 2022, so the claimed agreement does not survive [G87, G88, 24 September 2026]. The bare count α0 = 1/137 used in the paper is a premise of the framework, not a derived result. NOTE ON SCOPE (18 October 2026). Where this paper says that the Standard Model's matter content, charges or gauge structure are derived from, forced by or emerge from the eight-bit error-correcting cell, read encoded in or assigned to. The finite results themselves stand: the code, its constraints and the anomaly arithmetic are exact. But two things are premises of the framework, not consequences: the identification of codewords with particles, and the choice of the eight-bit [8,4,4] cell. In particular, the step from read/write balance to a single CSS code is not derived [R22]. The author's October 2026 review of the programme concluded that the framework's Standard-Model content is assigned rather than derived. No observation currently distinguishes the framework's account from the Standard Model itself. Noted: as an intuition layer, the paper's readings of Standard-Model content as code structure are assignments (see the note on scope above); its fine-structure value is corrected by the erratum above; and its gravity route is conditional [G89, G99]. This article is the intuition layer for the finite quantum-error-correction (QEC) substrate programme. It is written for a reader who knows some quantum mechanics, special relativity, and the Standard Model vocabulary, but who is new to this framework. The aim is not to replace the equations of quantum theory, quantum field theory, or general relativity. The aim is to supply a coherent picture: physical objects are read as stable quantum records; particles are protected patterns in a finite code; interactions are operations on those records; and the classical world is the part of the quantum world that has become robust enough to remember itself. The paper deliberately separates three levels. First, there is standard physics which this framework uses rather than challenges: Hilbert space, amplitudes, decoherence, gauge fields, and relativistic propagation. Second, there are coding-theoretic and combinatorial claims, especially the emergence of the minimal balanced [8,4,4] record cell. Third, there are speculative or conditional bridges to particle spectra, dark-sector physics, gravity, and cosmology. The closing appendix is a field guide to hard questions: for each one it states what the Standard Model says, why that answer is conceptually incomplete or technically hard, and what this framework offers instead.
STATUS (18 October 2026). The research programme this paper belongs to — the finite-QEC substrate ("It from Bit") framework — was concluded in October 2026. The author's review found that the framework's Standard-Model content is assigned rather than derived and that no verified prediction yet distinguishes it from standard physics. The claim of a unified derivation is withdrawn. This paper's results are unaffected except where noted below. Current gravity work: 10.5281/zenodo.23458252. ERRATUM — fine-structure constant (18 October 2026). This paper quotes the framework's value of the fine-structure constant, α−1(0) = 137.035999106904 (or the earlier 137.035999077), as agreeing with experiment. That statement is withdrawn. (1) On 11 August 2026 the value was corrected to 137.0359991069051: the earlier figure came from an extrapolation fitted at the wrong order. Against current determinations the corrected value sits −2.26σ from the caesium-recoil value, +9.01σ from the rubidium-recoil value and +3.94σ from the electron-g−2 route. Those determinations disagree with one another, so no single agreement figure can be quoted [K13]. (2) The second-order coefficient behind the value was computed on a four-dimensional hypercubic lattice that the framework's own geometry does not supply. Recomputed on that geometry under a pre-registered procedure, the same formula gives 137.0359985927, 4.26 parts per billion below CODATA 2022, so the claimed agreement does not survive [G87, G88, 24 September 2026]. The bare count α0 = 1/137 used in the paper is a premise of the framework, not a derived result. Noted: the methodology, the byte construction (with its CSS step stated as a hypothesis, consistent with [R22]) and the 28-step clock stand. Its fine-structure value is corrected by the erratum above; its "bi-cubic" picture of the cell differs from the framework's locked bond-bipyramid cell [G84]; and full strain readout does not preserve all logical coherence [G90]. States the foundational objects and audit methodology of the finite-QEC (quantum-error-correction) substrate program: the eight-bit local code, the bi-cubic crystallisation picture, the distinction between syndrome and strain readouts, the 28 = 2×14 service-clock construction, and the methodological rules that classify every claim as locked, computed, conditional, retired, or open. The goal is to make the companion physics papers auditable: every coefficient must name its carrier, event unit, scheduler, observable map, and reproducibility check. Version 3.0. Added a radiation-sector domain-of-validity caveat (the emergent gauge sector is an effective theory below the substrate's Brillouin scale; trans-cutoff single photons are an open foundational question) and the relativity companion citation. Copyright (C) 2026 D. G. Elliman.
STATUS (18 October 2026). The physics programme that motivated this work was concluded in October 2026 and its claim of a unified derivation withdrawn. The results in this paper do not depend on that programme and stand as stated. NOTE ON SCOPE (18 October 2026). Where this paper says that the Standard Model's matter content, charges or gauge structure are derived from, forced by or emerge from the eight-bit error-correcting cell, read encoded in or assigned to. The finite results themselves stand: the code, its constraints and the anomaly arithmetic are exact. But two things are premises of the framework, not consequences: the identification of codewords with particles, and the choice of the eight-bit [8,4,4] cell. In particular, the step from read/write balance to a single CSS code is not derived [R22]. The author's October 2026 review of the programme concluded that the framework's Standard-Model content is assigned rather than derived. No observation currently distinguishes the framework's account from the Standard Model itself. This revised note argues that, within the accepted complex quantum-error-correcting record substrate, the quadratic Born form arises from linear record writing, orthogonality of record sectors, and isometric normalization before any probability measure is introduced. Conditional uniqueness is treated separately through Gleason-type and refinement-stable record-sector routes. The 30 August 2026 additivity-audit revision cites Jiaxuan Zhang's analysis of five Born-rule derivations (arXiv:2603.06211) and makes the premise accounting explicit: a Gleason frame function includes orthogonal additivity, while Marko Lela's route begins with a non-negative extensive valuation on disjoint continuation bundles. The closed-record-pair route assumes neither measure-level object, but establishes the quadratic form rather than a standalone uniqueness theorem. The resulting open frontier is to obtain both form and uniqueness without importing measure-level additivity. The paper also records the minimal [8,4,4] record cell and the bare monitored service rate alpha_0 = 1/137, while retaining the deeper reconstruction question as open.
STATUS (18 October 2026). The research programme this paper belongs to — the finite-QEC substrate ("It from Bit") framework — was concluded in October 2026. The author's review found that the framework's Standard-Model content is assigned rather than derived and that no verified prediction yet distinguishes it from standard physics. The claim of a unified derivation is withdrawn. This paper's results are unaffected except where noted below. Current gravity work: 10.5281/zenodo.23458252. ERRATUM — fine-structure constant (18 October 2026). This paper quotes the framework's value of the fine-structure constant, α−1(0) = 137.035999106904 (or the earlier 137.035999077), as agreeing with experiment. That statement is withdrawn. (1) On 11 August 2026 the value was corrected to 137.0359991069051: the earlier figure came from an extrapolation fitted at the wrong order. Against current determinations the corrected value sits −2.26σ from the caesium-recoil value, +9.01σ from the rubidium-recoil value and +3.94σ from the electron-g−2 route. Those determinations disagree with one another, so no single agreement figure can be quoted [K13]. (2) The second-order coefficient behind the value was computed on a four-dimensional hypercubic lattice that the framework's own geometry does not supply. Recomputed on that geometry under a pre-registered procedure, the same formula gives 137.0359985927, 4.26 parts per billion below CODATA 2022, so the claimed agreement does not survive [G87, G88, 24 September 2026]. The bare count α0 = 1/137 used in the paper is a premise of the framework, not a derived result. Noted: the bridge theorems and the engineering and quantum-information sections stand; its fine-structure ledger row is corrected by the erratum above. From Counts to Observables: The response layer of a finite record substrate, a bridge for physicists, information scientists, and engineers. Five executable bridge theorems -- the two-algebra split (records commuting/copyable, responses CTP-organised); the collapse theorem (a latched channel's spectral function is a contact with residue exactly the service count, so every probe observable factorises O = T x r); count rigidity (no anomalous dimension; schemes move the transfer only); the five-front observable ledger (QED, electroweak, CMB, black holes, continuum QCD) with live comparators; and the Born reading law (probabilities as count shares at the latch). Includes an engineering on-ramp (SI-2019 count-rooted units, calibration as response theory, Kalman observability, ratiometric practice) and a quantum-information forward path with five open problems (record capacity, record/response complementarity, latched-sector identifiability, rigidity-optimal codes, device-independent counts). All quantitative claims are asserted by self-checking gates (counts_to_observables_bridge_gate.py, exit 0, 5/5).
STATUS (18 October 2026). The physics programme that motivated this work was concluded in October 2026 and its claim of a unified derivation withdrawn. The results in this paper do not depend on that programme and stand as stated. Imagine inspecting a quantum experiment through a programmer's console: what must be stored, what changes when a detector is read, and what can its records tell us? This is a representation, not a hypothesis: nothing here says the universe is a simulation, and nothing here depends on it being one. We examine a proposed physical model built from interacting groups of quantum bits and rules for producing readable measurement records; this is the finite record framework discussed here. The physicist John Archibald Wheeler's phrase "it from bit" asked whether physical reality could be understood through recorded answers to questions. Our systems description asks what structures and operations must exist before such an answer can be produced. Beginning with plain-language explanations of qubits, superposition and entanglement, the paper connects quantum states to data structures, interactions to typed rules, and measurement to state changes and record writes. A small executable example makes these connections tangible. It also exposes the practical research questions: how much memory is required, what repeated use retains, and which physical rules still have to be supplied. Version 0.3. An accessible systems account for readers with an undergraduate mathematical background. Includes a quantum primer, six main diagrams, two appendices, a worked structured-analysis specification, and an executable Bell-pair example. The accompanying archive contains the LaTeX sources, bibliography, Python examples, verification scripts, source bindings and reference checks. The examples distinguish standard quantum calculations from the open physical inputs of the proposed finite record model. They do not constitute a complete universe simulator. The source package supports 441 portable paper checks and 2,372 systems checks over 180 supported outcome branches; authentication against the frozen repository sources raises the paper-check count to 503.