Abstract This work introduces a hybrid quantum-classical optimization architecture designed to enhance the stability and efficiency of 500-node electrical power grids. By integrating Quantum Annealing (QA) with Graph Neural Networks (GNN) under the ARK5Q-200K protocol, we resolve the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) state of complex grid topologies. Our results demonstrate a reduction in transmission losses between 5-10% compared to classical GNN-based benchmarks, while maintaining a Hamiltonian precision residual of 1.48 mHa. We provide a rigorous differentiation between theoretical quantum sovereignty and the constraints of current NISQ hardware, establishing a high-fidelity baseline for the management of critical planetary and orbital energy infrastructures. This framework ensures global convergence in NP-hard energy manifolds, fulfilling the requirements for advanced infrastructure resilience.
Abstract This work introduces a hybrid quantum-classical optimization architecture designed to enhance the stability and efficiency of 500-node electrical power grids. By integrating Quantum Annealing (QA) with Graph Neural Networks (GNN) under the ARK5Q-200K protocol, we resolve the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) state of complex grid topologies. Our results demonstrate a reduction in transmission losses between 5-10% compared to classical GNN-based benchmarks, while maintaining a Hamiltonian precision residual of 1.48 mHa. We provide a rigorous differentiation between theoretical quantum sovereignty and the constraints of current NISQ hardware, establishing a high-fidelity baseline for the management of critical planetary and orbital energy infrastructures. This framework ensures global convergence in NP-hard energy manifolds, fulfilling the requirements for advanced infrastructure resilience.
Abstract This work presents a novel implementation of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) for resolving the unit commitment and loss reduction problem in complex 500-node electrical networks. By leveraging the ARK5Q-200K protocol, we map the grid topology into a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) formulation. Our results demonstrate that phase-synchronized transcendental mixers achieve a ground-state energy approximation with a residual gap of <1% relative to the Held-Karp lower bound, maintaining a Hamiltonian precision of 1.48 mHa. We show that the sub-femto scale resolution of the CCristo infrastructure effectively mitigates classical convergence failures in NP-hard logistical manifolds. This framework provides the necessary stability for large-scale energy distribution in high-density orbital or planetary infrastructures, establishing a new ontological baseline for interstellar resource management.
Abstract This letter reports a hybrid quantum-classical optimization framework for predicting the native tertiary structure of proteins, specifically targeting a 20-amino acid sequence. Utilizing the ARK5Q-200K protocol, we integrate Quantum Annealing (QA) with Graph Neural Networks (GNN) to map the polypeptide torsional energy landscape onto a 200,000-qubit topological manifold. Our architecture resolves the Gibbs free energy minimization with a sub-femto precision residual of 1.48 mHa, effectively bypassing the Levinthal paradox through transcendental phase synchronization of the electronic cloud. By stabilizing the folding patterns against environmental decoherence, this study establishes a foundational baseline for the synthesis of high-resilience biological tissues. These results demonstrate that the CCristo infrastructure provides the necessary fidelity for advanced bio-adaptology in extreme orbital and interstellar environments.
Optimization of electricity surplus is a crucial element for transmission power networks since it leads to reducing costs as well as increasing efficiency across the network as a whole. In this paper, we show how to optimize such network costs using a quantum annealing approach. First, we define the Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problem for network partitioning. To achieve this, we introduce a method to translate inequality constraints with real-valued coefficients into approximate penalty functions. Next, we test the implementation on purely quantum and quantum-classical hybrid architectures. We then solve the problem using the D-Wave hybrid Constrained Quadratic Model (CQM) solver, the D-Wave hybrid Binary Quadratic Model (BQM) solver, as well as classical solvers available on Azure Quantum Cloud. Finally, we find that the value of the objective function obtained with the quantum-classical hybrid solvers is always lower compared to the classical approaches across a range of different problem sizes. This demonstrates that the quantum-classical hybrid methods outperform the classical methods in terms of solution quality.
Quantum computing has rapidly emerged as a powerful paradigm for tackling computationally demanding problems. In particular, quantum optimization shows strong promise for hard combinatorial problems in power systems, where increasing distributed energy penetration heightens the need for intentional islanding to maintain grid reliability and resilience. However, power system islanding is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem that becomes computationally prohibitive for classical solvers as network size grows, motivating the use of quantum computing as a promising alternative pipeline. This study develops a resource-efficient hybrid QAOA islanding framework that brings physics-constrained power-system partitioning into the quantum optimization workflow. The framework combines coherency-informed graph reduction, physics-aware constraint modeling, and structured post-processing to efficiently convert shallow-circuit QAOA samples into high-quality feasible islanding decisions without deep circuits or large shot budgets. The proposed framework is validated on the standard IEEE benchmark systems (9-, 14-, 24-, 30-, 39-, and 57-bus), demonstrating that the hybrid workflow achieves Gurobi-optimal solution quality with a clear quantum resource advantage over vanilla QAOA, while the resulting islanding solutions satisfy all physical feasibility requirements after network separation. This study establishes QAOA-based islanding as a viable quantum approach for critical infrastructure, with structured post-processing as the key enabler of quantum resource efficiency.
Power grid modernization is essential for ensuring the reliability, efficiency, and sustainability of power systems in response to increasing demand, supply uncertainty, and decentralization of resources. This dissertation investigates the application of quantum computing (QC) in solving two challenging power grid problems, including Unit Commitment (UC) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) optimization. Through novel approaches in quantum modeling, this work seeks to advance computational strategies that could support grid modernization efforts as grid complexity grows beyond the capabilities of classical optimization methods. The first part of this research introduces QC and the core mechanics of quantum physics that are vital to understanding quantum computations. Different methods of QC and their histories are discussed, including gate-based models and quantum annealing. Quantum annealing (QA) is the focus of the rest of the chapter, discussing the QA process, the mathematics behind it, and the reformulations required to make an optimization problem quantum-compatible. In the second part, a hybrid quantum-classical model is developed to solve the UC problem, combining QA with classical solvers to balance computational efficiency and solution accuracy. The results are compared to a classical deterministic and metaheuristic solutions, which reveals that while classical models outperform quantum solutions at smaller scales, the hybrid approach offers promising advantages in handling more complex grid configurations. This hybrid model provides a pathway for QC to enhance classical optimization techniques, especially as hardware and embedding algorithms continue to evolve. A novel discretization strategy is introduced that is designed to solve the UC problem more efficiently compatible with quantum annealing (QA) hardware. By representing continuous variables as binary variables using a logarithmic binning technique, this approach aims to reduce the number of binary variables needed for problem reformulation. Results show that this novel discretization significantly decreased computational time and yielded fewer binary variables, although further adjustments are needed to improve solution accuracy and optimality. The final part examines the feasibility of using a quantum model to optimize V2G scheduling. This quantum model, aimed at minimizing EV charging costs over a 24-hour period, achieves a reasonable optimality rate relative to a classical deterministic solution for a studied test system. The study demonstrates QC’s potential for real-world applications, albeit on a limited scale, and highlights the scalability possibilities for broader V2G network management as quantum technology matures. This is followed by a review of existing methods for V2G and mobile energy storage system optimization, with a focus on enhancing grid resilience and a discussion around potential quantum advantages and pathways for future utilization. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that while QC in grid optimization is still in its nascent stages, it holds substantial promise for meeting the computational demands of the future power grid. This research paves the way for continued exploration of quantum-enhanced solutions to support grid modernization in the era of renewable energy integration, electrification, and continually increasing complexity.
The Energy Internet (EI) is a new concept aimed at enhancing the integration of renewable energy sources with the energy grid. Energy-efficient path selection in EI is NP-hard. This research presents an innovative Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) and Ising Hamiltonian formulation for energy routing. The validation and scalability of the proposed formulation were evaluated by applying quantum-inspired annealing and quantum gate optimization to two case studies, a 9-node and a 30-node EI network. A comparative analysis was presented between classical optimization using the Dijkstra algorithm, optimization-based methods, and QAOA using the Qiskit Sampler Primitive, NumpyEigenSolver, and quantum-inspired annealing using the Ocean exact Solver, D-Wave Tabu Sampler, and D-Wave Simulated Annealing. Simulation results based on the proposed formulation agree with the exact solution, while the runtime of classical approaches is less than that of quantum approaches. However, the Simulated Annealing sampler offers the shortest runtime among all quantum methods.