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How Fractal Uncertainty Theory Derives 0, 1, and i from Interference

Jens Deutschmann

Published Feb 21, 2026• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The single-slit and double-slit experiments are among the most fundamental demonstrations of quantum behavior. Every interpretation of quantum mechanics must account for them, yet none has derived the mathematical structures used todescribe them from the experiments themselves. In this paper we show that Fractal Uncertainty Theory (FUT) achieves precisely this. The which-way measurement problem is resolved without wave-function collapse or many worlds.We argue that the slit experiments, properly understood through FUT, constitute the physical origin of arithmetic itself. Note on status. This document represents the current state of FUT development as of February 2026.Predictions may be refined or extended as the theoretical framework develops and experimental capabilities advance.

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.18723636

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The single-slit and double-slit experiments are among the most fundamental demonstrations of quantum behavior. Every interpretation of quantum mechanics must account for them, yet none has derived the mathematical structures used todescribe them from the experiments themselves. In this paper we show that Fractal Uncertainty Theory (FUT) achieves precisely this. The which-way measurement problem is resolved without wave-function collapse or many worlds.We argue that the slit experiments, properly understood through FUT, constitute the physical origin of arithmetic itself. Note on status. This document represents the current state of FUT development as of February 2026.Predictions may be refined or extended as the theoretical framework develops and experimental capabilities advance.
Fractal Uncertainty Theory (FUT) is a fundamental reformulation of mathematics and physics that redefines the classical concepts of "0" and "1" as observer-dependent, fuzzy states. The theory introduces view-vectors and perspective-dependent null-zones as the primary ontological objects, from which physical laws emerge. Thisdocument presents the complete axiomatic foundation of FUT (Version 5.0). The Fractal Cancellation Theorem (FCT) is part of Fractal Uncertainty Theory (FUT). Note on status. This document represents the current state of FUT development as of February 2026.Predictions may be refined or extended as the theoretical framework develops and experimental capabilities advance.
Classical mathematics treats zero and one as absolute, observer-independent objects. Fractal Uncertainty Theory (FUT) and Coherent Mathematics (CoMath) challenge this at the foundational level. We show that 0 arises from perfect destructive interference and 1 from a single construc-tive detection event. Because every measurement denes its own interference condition, there are as many zeros and ones as there are uncertainty relations. Arithmetic structure emerges from the relational network between these many zeros and ones. Classical arithmetic is recovered as the high-coherence limit K → 1. The derivation requires no abstract axioms about numbers; it requires only wave physics and the principle that coherence is what survives.
The standard Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics relies on a set of historically established, ad hoc postulates to describe particle-wave duality, measurement, and non-locality. In this paper, we propose a single foundational axiom that fully reproduces the standard mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics while eliminating the need for supplementary assumptions. From this singular postulate, we rigorously derive the fundamental origin of the wave function and the mathematical generator of the Schrödinger equation. Furthermore, we demonstrate via isomorfism that all seemingly inexplicable quantum phenomena—including wave-function collapse and quantum entanglement—are mathematically and conceptually reducible to the underlying dynamics of the double-slit experiment. By establishing a direct fundamental correlation between the double-slit interference mechanism and the Monty Hall phenomenon, we prove that these effects are distinct manifestations of the exact same principle. We framed the double-slit experiment as an interference of the space of possibilities affected by information and simetrys. Ultimately, by anchoring the existing quantum mathematical framework to this unique axiom, this work provides a coherent, paradox-free ontological foundation that resolves the interpretational crisis of quantum mechanics without altering its empirical predictive power.
We present a resolution to Schrödinger's famous cat paradox using the Fractal Uncertainty Theory (FUT), a novel mathematical framework that redefines theconcepts of "0" and "1" as observer-dependent states relative to a "view-vector"(Schau-Vektor). By introducing the concept of uncertainty-distance d(vA , vB ) between view-vectors operating at different scales, we demonstrate that the apparentparadox of macroscopic superposition arises from the incorrect assumption of scale-independent quantum states.We show that the atomic and macroscopic systemsare fundamentally decoupled (K(vatom , vcat ) ≈ 0), eliminating the paradox withoutinvoking consciousness, many-worlds, or hidden variables. Our approach predicts atestable transition from quantum to classical behavior based solely on object size,independent of environmental decoherence.
We present the complete Emergence Chain of Fractal Uncertainty Theory (FUT): an eleven-stage derivation sequence (Stages 0–10) from a single qualitative relational primitive to the full structure of quantum mechanics and classical physics. Each stage is a necessary consequence of the previous one, with zero free parameters introduced at any stage. The chain proceeds: pure relation ∼f. This document establishes the Emergence Chain as a formal structure and serves as the index paper for the FUT/CoMath paper series.
The double-slit experiment has stood for a century as the paradigmatic demonstration of quantum superposition: the standard interpretation holds that a particle passes through both slits simultaneously, existing in a superposition of two spatially separated states. This paper proposes a physically distinct alternative: the particle's matter wave — a real physical wave propagating through space in accordance with de Broglie's relation λ = h/p — passes through both slits, while the particle itself (matter) remains in an undetermined state until a constructive interference maximum is formed at the detection screen. The particle does not simultaneously occupy two locations; the wave does. This distinction eliminates the need for superposition as an ontological commitment while fully reproducing the observed interference pattern. We further show that the disappearance of the interference pattern upon which-path measurement is explained without invoking wavefunction collapse: the measurement interaction redirects the matter wave to a single-slit geometry, eliminating the two-wave interference condition. Three experimentally testable predictions distinguish this framework from the standard interpretation: (1) weak-measurement trajectory reconstruction should reveal single particle paths inconsistent with simultaneous two-slit passage; (2) diffraction fringe spacing should depend on the mass density of the slit material, because denser slit edges generate a steeper refractive-index gradient for the matter wave; (3) the fringe pattern should exhibit a density-dependent phase shift measurable with current matter-wave interferometry technology. This reinterpretation requires no new mathematical formalism — the Schrödinger equation and Born's rule are retained — but replaces the ontological claim of simultaneous multi-location existence with the physically consistent picture of matter-wave propagation through an undetermined-state particle.