Medical image classification is a critical task in computer-aided diagnostics, but classical deep learning models often demand substantial computational resources and large parameter spaces. This paper investigates the potential of hybrid quantum-classical neural networks to address this challenge in the context of multi-class brain tumor classification from MRI scans. We introduce a custom hybrid quantum machine learning (QML) model and conduct a rigorous comparative analysis against its purely classical counterpart, as well as established architectures such as ResNet-18 and VGG-16. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed hybrid QML model achieves a state-of-the-art test accuracy of 96.58%, matching the performance of the significantly larger ResNet-18 model. Crucially, the hybrid model outperforms its direct classical counterpart, the Classical Benchmark (96.20%), while utilizing approximately 80% fewer parameters. Although simulating quantum circuits results in longer training times, our findings highlight the remarkable parameter efficiency and competitive accuracy of hybrid quantum models, suggesting a promising direction for developing powerful yet lightweight networks for medical diagnostics.
Medical image classification is a critical task in computer-aided diagnostics, but classical deep learning models often demand substantial computational resources and large parameter spaces. This paper investigates the potential of hybrid quantum-classical neural networks to address this challenge in the context of multi-class brain tumor classification from MRI scans. We introduce a custom hybrid quantum machine learning (QML) model and conduct a rigorous comparative analysis against its purely classical counterpart, as well as established architectures such as ResNet-18 and VGG-16. Our findings demonstrate that the proposed hybrid QML model achieves a state-of-the-art test accuracy of 96.58%, matching the performance of the significantly larger ResNet-18 model. Crucially, the hybrid model outperforms its direct classical counterpart, the Classical Benchmark (96.20%), while utilizing approximately 80% fewer parameters. Although simulating quantum circuits results in longer training times, our findings highlight the remarkable parameter efficiency and competitive accuracy of hybrid quantum models, suggesting a promising direction for developing powerful yet lightweight networks for medical diagnostics.
This research presents a new hybrid model that combines the capabilities of a pre-trained ResNet-50 with a Quantum Neural Network (QNN) to enhance the classification of MRI brain images for tumor recognition. Combining conventional deep learning and quantum computing, this technique competes with traditional models regarding accuracy, speed, and computational effectiveness. The ResNet-50 architecture is the foundation for feature extraction, using its demonstrated ability to handle challenging MRI image data. ResNet-50's linear layer weights are converted into angular parameters to take advantage of the potential of quantum computing, allowing the quantum layer to function within a six-angle depth framework. This unique integration allows the model to efficiently execute binary classification and multi-class tumor detection. The hybrid model outperforms conventional models, providing quicker processing speeds and higher classification accuracy, especially when dealing with high-dimensional and noisy data. The model optimizes 512-dimensional data using four qubits, allowing for improved feature representation and better insights into complicated medical imaging patterns. The quantum layer's resistance to noise enhances the model's accuracy, establishing a new standard for medical diagnostic tools. This novel integration of classical and quantum approaches offers a significant advance in MRI-based tumor identification, providing higher performance and opening the path for next-generation medical imaging systems.
Accurate and computationally efficient classification of brain tumors from MRI scans is critical for deployment in resource-constrained clinical settings, where conventional deep CNN architectures-despite achieving strong accuracy-often require large parameter counts that limit scalability. This work proposes a hybrid quantum-classical deep learning framework that combines a classical convolutional feature extractor with a variational quantum circuit (VQC) for multi-class tumor classification. Spatial features extracted by the CNN backbone will be dimensionality-reduced and encoded into quantum states using angle encoding; a parameterized quantum circuit will then process these features in a higher-dimensional Hilbert space, leveraging superposition and entanglement to capture non-linear feature correlations. Measurement outputs from the quantum layer will be passed to a classical fully connected layer for classification into glioma, meningioma, pituitary tumor, and no-tumor categories. The proposed framework will be evaluated on a publicly available benchmark MRI dataset and benchmarked against state-of-the-art classical CNN architectures in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and parameter efficiency. This study aims to demonstrate that quantum-enhanced layers can achieve competitive classification performance while substantially reducing trainable parameters, offering a practical direction for efficient, quantum-assisted medical image analysis.
Quantum machines enhance the capabilities of classical counterparts across various domains, notably in addressing real-world challenges.The classification of brain MR images for tumor detection is a crucial diagnostic process in the analysis of brain images.Traditional approaches, such as classical machine learning techniques and conventional deep learning structures like convolutional neural networks, are frequently employed for image classification.However, as the network size increases, training these models becomes increasingly arduous.Quantum algorithms offer advantages by optimizing the performance of classical algorithms through the incorporation of the intrinsic properties of quantum bits.In this paper, we proposed a hybrid classical and quantum convolutional neural network for Alzheimer's disease (AD) classification.The proposed model was further validated on the brain tumor classification task.The fundamental concept involves encoding data into quantum states, facilitating quicker information extraction, and subsequently utilizing this information to discern the data class.The proposed model results underscore the reliability and robustness and demonstrated by optimal performance accuracies across various datasets, the proposed model substantiates its efficacy in detecting and classifying AD disease and brain tumors.
This research work discusses three methods for detecting brain tumors using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) baseline, a pure quantum machine learning (QML) classifier that utilizes amplitude embedding and variational quantum circuits, and a hybrid of QML with CNN backbone model with a parameterised quantum circuit (PQC). All models were trained and tested on the four-class brain tumor MRI dataset (glioma, meningioma, pituitary, and no tumor) using the same preprocessing and evaluation protocols. The typical classical convolutional neural network (CNN) baseline achieved a test accuracy of 86.1%, with an F1 score of 0.8512. By comparison, the pure QML model provided a rather poor model, achieving limited accuracy of 44.7% and F1 of 0.4320, largely due to issues with shallow variational circuits and amplitude encoding on higher-dimensional data. The hybrid CNN-QML model provided the best results, achieving a test accuracy of 94.9% and an F1 of 0.9469, surpassing the typical classical baseline. These results indicate while standalone QML models are currently limited by the expressivity of quantum circuits and the scalability of their dimensionality, hybrid quantum-classical models can increase medical image classification performance, even when starting from a strong classical baseline.
Brain tumor detection from MRI images is a critical and challenging task in medical diagnostics, where early identification greatly improves treatment outcomes. This paper presents a Hybrid Quantum– Classical Convolutional Neural Network (HQCNN) that integrates the strengths of ResNet-18 and a Variational Quantum Circuit for efficient and accurate tumor classification. The proposed model first employs ResNet-18 as a classical feature extractor, where 17 convolutional layers and pooling operations capture both low-level and high-level spatial features from MRI images. The final fully connected layer of ResNet-18 is replaced by a quantum processing layer implemented using PennyLane. In this layer, the extracted classical features are encoded onto qubits using RY rotation gates, while CNOT gates introduce entanglement between them, forming a VQC with trainable parameters. After quantum computation, Pauli-Z measurements convert the processed quantum states back into classical values, which are passed to a final fully connected layer for binary classification as Tumor or No Tumor. The hybrid integration of classical CNN feature learning with quantum entanglement– based representation enhances model generalization and interpretability. Experimental analysis demonstrates that the proposed HQCNN achieved 94.65% accuracy, outperforming traditional CNN models and confirming the potential of hybrid quantum–classical architectures for reliable and interpretable medical image diagnosis.
Brain tumours are very serious concerns in the health field; they should be diagnosed properly and at the right time to ensure treatment efficacy. While deep learning architectures like ResNet have shown remarkable success in medical imaging, they have their own set of disadvantages, like computational complexity, scalability, and difficulty in processing very high-dimensional medical data. To overcome these hurdles, a hybrid approach has been proposed, combining ResNet with quantum transfer learning, leveraging the embedding to achieve good performance with higher efficiency in the use of quantum computing technology. In this framework, ResNet extracts valuable features from MRI scans, while quantum circuits optimise the classification process, thereby improving performance and generalisation. The quantum component of the proposed model is implemented using the PennyLane framework, enabling seamless integration of quantum circuits with classical deep learning architectures through a hybrid quantum-classical learning paradigm. Extensive experiments show that our hybrid quantum/classical model outperforms all conventional deep learning approaches, achieving higher diagnostic accuracy while minimising computational overhead. Compared to a traditional CNN (a series of neurons processing unstructured data for machine-understandable form) model, which achieves only 82% accuracy, our hybrid model significantly outperforms it with 95% accuracy, representing a 14% increase in classification performance. Results indicate that quantum computing can transform radiology and medical imaging, providing the tools to advance human health and create a future of fast, precise, and scalable diagnostic equipment. This can be considered a huge step forward toward the use of quantum computing in the medical field; it opens another avenue for advanced medical diagnostics and better patient outcomes.