Optimization problems across domains such as logistics, finance, and artificial intelligence often involve complex and NP-hard formulations that are computationally challenging for classical algorithms due to scalability and efficiency limitations. The study aims to systematically investigate the role of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) in addressing complex optimization problems and to analyze its advantages over traditional optimization techniques. A comprehensive survey and comparative analysis of key QML algorithms, including Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE), Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs), and Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVMs), is conducted by examining their working principles, optimization capabilities, and real-world applications. The findings indicate that QML algorithms demonstrate significant potential in exploring large solutions spaces efficiently, achieving faster convergence, and providing improved optimization performance compared to classical approaches, although challenges such as quantum noise, scalability, and hardware limitations remain. The novelty of this study lies in providing a unified and critical comparative framework that integrates multiple QML optimization algorithms, highlights their practical feasibility, and identifies key research gaps hindering their real-world deployment. The implications of this research provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate QML techniques and emphasize the need for advancements in hybrid quantum -classical systems, algorithms design, and quantum hardware to enable practical large-scale optimization.
Optimization problems across domains such as logistics, finance, and artificial intelligence often involve complex and NP-hard formulations that are computationally challenging for classical algorithms due to scalability and efficiency limitations. The study aims to systematically investigate the role of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) in addressing complex optimization problems and to analyze its advantages over traditional optimization techniques. A comprehensive survey and comparative analysis of key QML algorithms, including Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE), Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs), and Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVMs), is conducted by examining their working principles, optimization capabilities, and real-world applications. The findings indicate that QML algorithms demonstrate significant potential in exploring large solutions spaces efficiently, achieving faster convergence, and providing improved optimization performance compared to classical approaches, although challenges such as quantum noise, scalability, and hardware limitations remain. The novelty of this study lies in providing a unified and critical comparative framework that integrates multiple QML optimization algorithms, highlights their practical feasibility, and identifies key research gaps hindering their real-world deployment. The implications of this research provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate QML techniques and emphasize the need for advancements in hybrid quantum -classical systems, algorithms design, and quantum hardware to enable practical large-scale optimization.
Abstract Quantum Machine Learning (QML) represents a transformative paradigm that leverages quantum mechanical principles to enhance computational optimization in complex systems beyond the capabilities of classical machine learning algorithms. This paper investigates the optimization advantages of QML through a comprehensive analysis of quantum neural networks, quantum support vector machines, and hybrid quantum-classical architectures applied to complex system optimization problems. Our methodology employs variational quantum circuits with optimized feature encoding strategies and compares performance against classical baselines across multiple complexity scales. Experimental results demonstrate that QML algorithms achieve superior accuracy (95.1% for hybrid approaches vs 89.5% for classical neural networks), faster convergence rates (10x improvement in optimization iterations), and exponential scalability advantages for large-scale problems (31.7x speedup for problems with 5000 + parameters). The findings reveal that quantum algorithms excel in exploring high-dimensional solution spaces through superposition and entanglement, enabling more efficient navigation of complex optimization landscapes. Key contributions include a novel hybrid quantum-classical optimization framework, systematic performance benchmarking across problem complexities, and identification of quantum advantage thresholds for practical deployment. Results indicate that QML provides significant computational benefits for complex system optimization, particularly in scenarios involving large parameter spaces, non-convex optimization landscapes, and real-time processing requirements.
This study presents a comprehensive survey on Quantum Machine Learning (QML) along with its current status, challenges, and perspectives. QML combines quantum computing and machine learning to solve complex problems in different domains, leveraging quantum algorithms to enhance classical machine learning techniques. We explore the application of QML in various domains such as cybersecurity, finance, healthcare, and drug discovery. The survey includes detailed tabular comparisons of the different QML models used for each application area, highlighting key techniques, findings, and their limitations. In this work, we identify important trends such as the strong potential of hybrid quantum-classical models for near-term applications and the significant challenges in the quantum domain due to quantum noise, limited qubit scalability, and costly qRAM implementations. Furthermore, we discuss solutions that emphasize advances in hardware, quantum error correction, and algorithmic innovations to address these challenges. By providing an in-depth analysis of QML’s potential across different fields, this study provides valuable insights into how QML can address complex real-world challenges and transform traditional machine learning practices.
Quantum Machine Learning represents a paradigm shift at the intersection of Quantum Computing and Machine Learning, leveraging quantum phenomena such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum parallelism to address the limitations of classical approaches in processing high-dimensional and large-scale datasets. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of Quantum Machine Learning, detailing foundational concepts, algorithmic advancements, and their applications across domains such as healthcare, finance, and quantum chemistry. Key techniques, including Quantum Support Vector Machine, Quantum Neural Network, Quantum Decision Trees, and hybrid quantum-classical models, are explored with a focus on their theoretical foundations, computational benefits, and comparative performance against classical counterparts. While the potential for exponential speedups and enhanced efficiency is evident, the field faces significant challenges, including hardware constraints, noise, and limited qubit coherence in the current era of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices. Emerging solutions, such as error mitigation techniques, hybrid frameworks, and advancements in quantum hardware, are discussed as critical enablers for scalable and fault-tolerant Quantum Machine Learning systems. By synthesizing state-of-the-art developments and identifying research gaps, this survey aims to provide a foundational resource for advancing Quantum Machine Learning toward practical, real-world applications in tackling computationally intensive problems.
In recent years, the intersection of quantum computing and machine learning has emerged as a promising frontier for addressing complex optimization problems that are computationally intractable for classical approaches. This paper presents a comprehensive review and analysis of quantum machine learning (QML) algorithms tailored for complex optimization tasks. We explore the theoretical foundations of quantum-enhanced algorithms, including quantum annealing, variational quantum eigensolvers, and quantum neural networks, highlighting their potential advantages over classical methods in terms of convergence speed and solution accuracy. The paper further investigates practical implementations and hybrid quantum-classical strategies that leverage quantum resources to tackle large-scale optimization problems in diverse fields such as combinatorial optimization, financial modeling, and structural design. We also discuss current challenges and limitations, including hardware constraints and algorithmic scalability, and propose future research directions to bridge the gap between theoretical potential and practical application. Our findings suggest that while QML holds substantial promise, significant advancements are required to fully realize its capabilities in solving complex optimization problems. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17762/ijisae.v12i4.6663
Recent advances in Quantum Machine Learning (QML) bring together Quantum Computing and Machine Learning with the aim of enhancing the advantages of Machine Learning to solve problems efficiently. The properties of quantum systems (superposition, entanglement, etc.) to represent multiple states of information at once, QML can potentially offer significant advantages when solving complex high-dimensional (multidimensional) computational problems. This paper reviews the current state-of-art regarding QML in general through an organized compilation and assessment of selected studies recently published in scientific literature that were found via large electronic library catalogs based on peer-reviewed sources according to algorithms used, optimization approaches employed, and areas of applied study. This review provides comparative analyses of each selected studies for purposes of identifying major trends in QML research/practice as well as opportunities for methodological improvements and challenges still existing within QML. Finally, this review presents an overview of Quantum Computing and Quantum Data Encoding Principles utilized to translate Classical Data into Quantum States as a high-level evaluation of several popular Quantum Learning Algorithms (e.g., Quantum Neural Networks, Quantum Support Machines, and Variational Quantum Circuit). The survey describes the optimization strategies such as gradient based techniques, Bayesian Optimization and evolutionary techniques being used to improve the stability of the quantum machine learning (QML) training process. Then, it provides examples of application areas for such QML, where healthcare analytics, environmental modelling, manufacturing optimization and analysis of biologic data are included. The comparative review of the recent academic research has identified several limitations and challenges regarding the use of QML that researchers. Although QML is believed to be capable of solving complex computational problems, issues such as noise in hardware, limited numbers of qubits and scalability present significant challenges for researchers working with this type of machine learning application. Overall, it appears that this survey provides a broad overview of contemporary developments and future trends for developing high-performance quantum learning systems.
Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is an emerging interdisciplinary field that combines the computational power of quantum computing with machine learning techniques to address the scalability challenges faced by classical AI systems. As datasets and models grow in complexity, traditional machine learning algorithms encounter limitations related to processing speed, accuracy, and resource efficiency. This research explores the potential of QML to overcome these barriers by leveraging quantum algorithms such as Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithms (QAOA), Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM), and Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) to enhance the scalability and efficiency of AI applications. Through a combination of literature review, algorithm simulation, and hybrid quantum-classical approaches, the study evaluates the speedup, accuracy improvements, and resource efficiency that quantum-enhanced models can offer. The research also investigates practical applications of QML in domains such as healthcare, finance, and climate science. Despite significant advancements, challenges related to quantum hardware, error correction, and noise remain, which will be discussed alongside strategies for overcoming these issues. The findings suggest that while quantum machine learning holds immense potential, its full impact on scalable AI will require further advancements in quantum computing and its integration with classical systems.