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Nature Reviews Materials

Many-body entanglement in solid-state emitters

Emma Daggett, Christian Lange, Bennet Windt, Arshag Danageozian, Alexander V. Senichev, Jordi A. Montana-Lopez, Chanchal, Kinjol Barua, Xingyu Gao, Zhaoyun Tiffany Zheng, Vijin Kizhake Veetil, Souvik Biswas, Jonas M. Peterson, Na Liu, Chuchuan Hong, Teri W. Odom, Matthew A. Pelton, Tongcang Li, Jelena Vuckovic A, Vladamir Shalaev, Alexandra E. Boltasseva, Sophia E. Economou, Jonathan D. Hood, Valentin Walther, Rahul Trivedi, Libai Huang

Published Feb 17, 2026• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1038/s41578-026-00893-8

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The preparation and control of quantum states lie at the heart of quantum information science (QIS). Recent advances in solid-state quantum emitters (QEs) and nanophotonics have transformed the landscape of quantum photonic technologies, enabling scalable generation of quantum states of light and matter. A new frontier in solid-state quantum photonics is the engineering of many-body interactions between QEs and photons to achieve robust coherence and controllable many-body entanglement. These entangled states, including photonic graph and cluster states, superradiant emission, and emergent quantum phases, are promising for quantum computation, sensing, and simulation. However, intrinsic inhomogeneities and decoherence in solid-state platforms pose significant challenges to realize such complex entangled states. This review provides an overview of the fundamental many-body interactions and dynamics at the light-matter interfaces of solid-state QEs, and discusses recent advances in mitigating decoherence and harnessing robust many-body coherence.
Solid state quantum emitters with electronic spin properties can be entangled using optical interferometric which-path erasure techniques that rely on identical frequencies and linewidths of the emitters. This promises a powerful, fast and scalable platform for quantum technologies. Using current protocols, a pair of emitters embedded in a waveguide interferometer can be deterministically prepared in a maximally entangled state. However, the amount of entanglement diminishes rapidly with increasing separation of the emission lines and variations in the linewidths of the emitters. Solid state emitters such as quantum dots are subject to intrinsic variations in the fabrication process. Therefore, manufacturing the required number of identical emitters on a chip is not scalable. In this Letter, we present a method that uses readily available pairs of entangled photons to entangle solid state emitters with large transition frequency separations and linewidth variations, circumventing the need to fabricate optically identical emitters. We demonstrate a concurrence of C = 0.95 for typical quantum dots using narrowband photon inputs.
The preparation and control of quantum states lie at the heart of quantum information science (QIS). Recent advances in solid-state quantum emitters (QEs) and nanophotonics have transformed the landscape of quantum photonic technologies, enabling scalable generation of quantum states of light and matter. A new frontier in solid-state quantum photonics is the engineering of many-body interactions between QEs and photons to achieve robust coherence and controllable many-body entanglement. These entangled states, including photonic graph and cluster states, superradiant emission, and emergent quantum phases, are promising for quantum computation, sensing, and simulation. However, intrinsic inhomogeneities and decoherence in solid-state platforms pose significant challenges to realize such complex entangled states. This review provides an overview of the fundamental many-body interactions and dynamics at the light-matter interfaces of solid-state QEs, and discusses recent advances in mitigating decoherence and harnessing robust many-body coherence.