Proof of the Existence of Universal Temporal Order in Spacetime

Shen Gao

Published Feb 15, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

There are two issues concerning hidden variables in quantum mechanics: 1.Whether the outcomes of quantum measurements are hidden variables has long been debated. Experiments violating Bell's inequalities have essentially refuted local hidden variable theories. 2.Quantum entanglement provides nonlocal effects that alter wave functions. However, these changes cannot transmit signals, making the exact time of such nonlocal effects a hidden variable. Theories about hidden variables are difficult to verify experimentally due to their unobservability. This paper connects these two hidden variable theories in quantum mechanics, proposing the spacetime relationship that nonlocal effects from entanglement must satisfy to prevent quantum measurement outcomes from being local hidden variables. It further outlines the spacetime relationship that any causal effects should adhere to. Based on this, the paper demonstrates the universal temporal order between relativistic spacelike events. On this foundation, it integrates the locally deterministic relativistic spacetime structure with the nonlocal phenomena of probabilistic quantum mechanics, thereby establishing the universal ordered spacetime structure. key words: ordered spacetime structure ; local hidden variable ; nonlocal effects; uncertainty principle;

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18649662

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