In the second of a two-part article, Philip Ball looks the challenges of error correction to build truly useful quantum computing; how algorithms will need to be platform-independent; and finally how early users will adopt quantum technologies.
We are on the verge of a new era in computation, one that operates on the strange and wonderful rules of the quantum world. This article explores the story of quantum computing, a technology that promises to solve problems far beyond the reach of today's fastest supercomputers. We'll journey from the core ideas that make it all possible—concepts like superposition and entanglement—to the incredible machines being built in labs around the world. We'll see how these machines are being programmed and witness the first hints of their power in fields like medicine, materials science, and cybersecurity. Finally, we'll take an honest look at the immense challenges that still lie ahead on the path to building a truly powerful quantum computer. This is a story of human ingenuity pushing the boundaries of science, a tale of the immense potential and practical hurdles of the coming quantum age.
Alice & Bob is a quantum computing company based in Paris and Boston aiming to build the first universal, fault-tolerant quantum computer. Founded in 2020, the company has raised €130M, grown to 150+ employees, and reported experimental results surpassing those of larger incumbents. Advised by Nobel Prize–winning researchers, Alice & Bob specializes in cat qubits, a technology pioneered by its founders and later adopted by Amazon, which can reduce the hardware needed for a useful large-scale quantum computer by up to 200× compared with competing approaches. This talk introduces cat qubits, quantum bits built from two well-separated states of a nonlinear superconducting resonator, and shows how their built-in stability enables hardware-efficient error correction. It will explain, at a high level, how cat qubits work, why they can reduce the number of qubits needed for useful algorithms, and what this means for reaching fault tolerant quantum computing. We’ll also touch on real progress, the benefits, and the key challenges ahead