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On the Geometric Structure of State Space and Operators in Quantum Mechanics

Fredrik Jensen

Published Feb 12, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

This paper examines the geometric structure underlying quantum state space and operator representations. Building on the interpretation of quantum phase in terms of holonomy and parallel transport, Hilbert space is analyzed as a representation of transport structure in complex line and vector bundles. Quantum states are interpreted as equivalence classes under phase transformations, and operators arise as generators of infinitesimal transformations associated with the connection. The construction provides a geometric perspective on state space, inner products, and operator structure within standard quantum mechanics.

DOI
10.5281/zenodo.18623098

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Quantum mechanics is conventionally formulated in terms of complex Hilbert spaces, linear operators, and the Schrödinger equation. Although geometric structures play an increasingly important role in modern formulations of quantum theory, the wavefunction itself is generally regarded as a fundamental object. In this work, we investigate an alternative formulation in which the fundamental object is a coherence coordinate , where Omega represents radial coherence and Theta represents phase coherence associated with geometric transport. Starting from three assumptions—a coherence coordinate, a probability density generated by radial coherence, and a geometric Hamiltonian—we reconstruct the continuity equation, the quantum Hamilton–Jacobi equation, and ultimately the Schrödinger equation. Within this framework, the wavefunction appears as a derived quantity, while Hilbert spaces emerge naturally as spaces of square-integrable functions on a coherence manifold. The resulting construction establishes a differential-geometric representation of quantum mechanics and provides a common geometric language connecting quantum states, probability flow, geometric phases, holonomies, and gauge transport.
This paper examines measurement and representational limits within a geometric formulation of quantum mechanics based on connection geometry and holonomy. Measurement is interpreted as projection onto invariant quantities associated with comparison of states under parallel transport. This projection preserves invariant phase relations while discarding non-invariant information. As a result, measurement outcomes appear discrete and probabilistic at the representational level. Correlations between subsystems arise from shared geometric structure and exhibit nonlocal consistency without introducing additional dynamical mechanisms. The analysis clarifies how measurement and classical behavior can be understood within a geometric account of quantum kinematics.
Quantum mechanics is traditionally formulated on complex Hilbert spaces, whereas gauge theories are formulated on fiber bundles equipped with connections and curvature. Despite the central role of geometry in modern physics, the Hilbert-space structure of quantum theory is usually postulated rather than derived. In this work, we investigate a differential-geometric formulation in which quantum states are represented as points on a coherence manifold characterized by a radial coherence coordinate and a holonomy-induced phase coordinate. The resulting geometry naturally admits the structure of a fiber bundle whose base space is associated with a coherence lattice and whose fiber corresponds to a phase circle. Within this framework, Hilbert spaces emerge as function spaces defined on the coherence manifold, while Schrödinger dynamics arise from the Laplace–Beltrami operator associated with the underlying geometry. The construction unifies concepts from geometric quantum mechanics, fiber-bundle gauge theory, holonomy, and coherence geometry within a common differential-geometric framework.
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