This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development, theoretical foundations, and major applications of quantum computing. It examines core principles including superposition, entanglement, interference, quantum gates, and error correction, while analyzing current limitations in the NISQ era. Practical applications in cryptography, medicine, artificial intelligence, finance, and optimization are discussed. The paper also includes classical simulations in Java to conceptually demonstrate quantum principles. The study concludes that although quantum computing remains in early development, it is positioned to become a transformative technology in science and industry.
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development, theoretical foundations, and major applications of quantum computing. It examines core principles including superposition, entanglement, interference, quantum gates, and error correction, while analyzing current limitations in the NISQ era. Practical applications in cryptography, medicine, artificial intelligence, finance, and optimization are discussed. The paper also includes classical simulations in Java to conceptually demonstrate quantum principles. The study concludes that although quantum computing remains in early development, it is positioned to become a transformative technology in science and industry.
Quantum computing is an advanced computational paradigm that leverages principles of quantum mechanics, including superposition, entanglement, and interference, to process information more efficiently than classical systems [1][2]. Unlike classical bits, qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, enabling exponential computational capabilities for complex problem-solving. Since its theoretical foundations proposed by Richard Feynman and further developed by David Deutsch, quantum computing has progressed into an active research and industrial domain [2][3]. This paper presents an overview of the core concepts of quantum computation, technological evolution, and key algorithms such as Shor’s and Grover’s, which demonstrate significant computational advantages [9][10]. It also explores major application areas including cryptography, healthcare, artificial intelligence, and optimization, while addressing critical challenges such as decoherence, error correction, and scalability [5][6]. The study highlights future prospects, emphasizing the potential of quantum computing to transform scientific and industrial domains [12][15].
Quantum computing is a transformative paradigm based on the principles of quantum mechanics such as superposition and entanglement to outperform classical computers in solving complex problems. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of quantum computing, detailing its foundational concepts, advancements, applications, platforms, limitations, and future scope. Key research contributions from organizations such as IBM, AWS, and Microsoft, as well as government initiatives, are discussed. Applications are explored across cryptography, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, finance, manufacturing, simulation, and AI. Quantum platforms such as Qiskit, Azure Quantum, and D-Wave Ocean SDK are also reviewed. Although still in its development stages and facing challenges, quantum computing faces difficulties related to error correction and the environment may entirely change modern computing. The article concludes by stressing the need for continuous research, education, strategic planning, and development to utilize the disruptive abilities of quantum technologies.
Quantum computing represents a new paradigm in computation that exploits the principles of quantum mechanics to solve complex problems beyond the practical capabilities of classical computers. By utilizing qubits, superposition, entanglement, and quantum interference, quantum computers have the potential to revolutionize cryptography, optimization, drug discovery, artificial intelligence, financial modeling, and materials science. Although remarkable progress has been achieved in quantum hardware and algorithms, significant challenges remain, including qubit stability, error correction, scalability, high implementation costs, and limited practical applications. This paper presents the fundamental principles of quantum computing, explores its major applications, examines current limitations, and discusses future research directions.
Quantum computing represents a transformative shift in computational technology, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to process information in ways that surpass the limits of classical systems.By exploiting qubits, superposition, entanglement, and quantum parallelism, quantum computers offer the potential to solve certain classes of problems-such as optimization, cryptography, molecular simulation, and complex machine learning tasks-significantly faster than classical algorithms.With rapid advancements in quantum hardware and the emergence of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, quantum computing has evolved from a theoretical concept to a practical field with growing industrial and scientific relevance.Although current systems face challenges related to error rates, decoherence, and scalability, ongoing developments in quantum error correction, hybrid quantum-classical algorithms, and software frameworks like Qiskit, Cirq, and PennyLane continue to push the field forward.This paper provides an introductory overview of quantum computing, outlining its foundational principles, current technological landscape, key algorithms, and future research directions.The goal is to offer a clear understanding of how quantum computing is poised to reshape the future of computation.
Quantum computing represents a transformative approach to computation leveraging fundamental principles of quantum mechanics such as superposition, entanglement and interference to store and process information in ways that classical computers cannot achieve.This paper attempts to provide a bona fide bibliographic overview of the principles, computational models, hardware technologies, and potential applications of quantum computing.It analyses how quantum algorithms could outperform classical algorithms in cryptographic analysis, optimization, and big data analysis.The survey integrates viewpoints from recent works; it presents system architectures, software development challenges, and quantum-assisted applications in healthcare, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and industrial optimization.Meanwhile, it examines hybrid quantum-classical systems that would allow quantum technologies to be deployed in the near term skirted by the limitations currently posed by quantum hardware.Moreover, the paper discusses foremost hurdles in scaling, error-correction, and maintaining coherence.From reviewing the recent developments and whether possible, this present review work informs researchers, engineers, and practitioners alike on the current state, as well as on the long-run viability, of quantum computing.
Quantum computing performs computations by tapping the very laws that govern quantum mechanics, thereby making those computations far more efficient than does a classical computer. Quantum computers, through qubits and quantum phenomena like superposition, entanglement, and interference, will be able to solve some complex problems in cryptography, chemistry, optimization, and others. This paper discusses core principles and historical development, theoretical foundations of quantum computing, practical implications, and current challenges. However, as research progresses, quantum computing would change the face of technology, science, and industry.