Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of Applied Physics

Tunable two-dimensional Compton-azimuthal atomic localization via three-level atomic medium

Humaira Kalsoom, Zareen Abdulhameed Khan, Yu‐Ming Chu

Published Feb 11, 2026• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We present a comprehensive theoretical investigation of two-dimensional (2D) Compton-azimuthal atomic localization in a three-level atomic system interacting with spatially structured light fields. The study focuses on how the azimuthal quantum numbers of the applied standing-wave fields influence the spatial probability distribution of an atom within the 2D plane. By numerically solving the governing equations of motion with realistic atomic parameters, we obtain localization maps that reveal sharp and well-defined probability peaks. The spatial localization arises from the position-dependent Rabi frequencies, which are modulated by the standing-wave interference patterns and the orbital angular momentum carried by the fields. Our results demonstrate a clear transition from multiple sharp localization peaks to a single dominant peak as ℓ1 and ℓ2 are reduced. This peak reduction significantly increases the probability of finding the atom at the remaining high-probability sites, reaching 100% localization probability in the single-peak regime. Physically, this occurs because lower azimuthal mode numbers simplify the spatial interference structure, concentrating the atomic wavefunction in a narrower spatial region. The tunability of localization via ℓ1 and ℓ2 provides a flexible control mechanism for atomic position measurement with subwavelength precision. The findings not only offer new insights into Compton-azimuthal localization mechanisms but also open potential applications in quantum metrology, atom-based nanolithography, and precision quantum control of matter–light interactions in structured optical fields.

DOI
10.1063/5.0305422

Related papers

Tunable 2D atomic localization via azimuthal quantum number in a four-level tripod-type system

Muhammad Idrees, Yuee Xie, Yuanping Chen +2 more

In this work, we explore a tunable scheme for achieving precise two-dimensional (2D) atomic localization in a four-level tripod atomic system. The system is driven by two control fields with orbital angular momentum and a weak probe field. By varying the azimuthal quantum numbers, spatial phase shifts, and atomic decay rates, we demonstrate controlled manipulation of atomic localization with high spatial precision. The interaction of structured light fields with the atomic system generates interference patterns that result in sharp localization peaks in the 2D plane. The study investigates the effects of varying the control parameters, such as phase shifts and decay rates, on the number, spacing, and sharpness of these localization peaks. Notably, optimized parameters lead to the formation of a single, highly localized transmission peak, enabling subwavelength spatial resolution. Our results have significant implications for applications in atom lithography, precision spectroscopy, and quantum state engineering, offering a flexible method for precise control of atomic positions in quantum systems.

Journal of Applied Physics•Feb 17, 2026•1 citation

Ultrahigh-resolution atomic localization via superposition of standing waves

Muhammad Idrees, Ahmed S. Hendy, Zareen Abdulhameed Khan

Abstract In this study we theoretically demonstrate ultrahigh-resolution two-dimensional atomic localization within a three-level λ -type atomic medium via superposition of asymmetric and symmetric standing wave fields. Our analysis provides an understanding of the precise spatial localization of atomic positions at the atomic level, utilizing advanced theoretical approaches and principles of quantum mechanics. The dynamical behavior of a three-level atomic system is thoroughly analyzed using the density matrix formalism within the realm of quantum mechanics. A theoretical approach is constructed to describe the interaction between the system and external fields, specifically a control field and a probe field. The absorption spectrum of the probe field is thoroughly examined to clarify the spatial localization of the atom within the proposed configuration. A theoretical investigation found that symmetric and asymmetric superposition phenomena significantly influence the localized peaks within a two-dimensional spatial domain. Specifically, the emergence of one and two sharp localized peaks was observed within a one-wavelength domain. We observed notable influences of the intensity of the control field, probe field detuning and decay rates on atomic localization. Ultimately, we have achieved an unprecedented level of ultrahigh resolution and precision in localizing an atom within an area smaller than λ /35 × λ /35. These findings hold promise for potential applications in fields such as Bose–Einstein condensation, nanolithography, laser cooling, trapping of neutral atoms and the measurement of center-of-mass wave functions.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Oct 25, 2024•9 citations

Superposition of Stationary Wave Fields Via Atom Microscopy

Hizbullah, Ali khan Anwar, Khan Naveed +2 more

Abstract We investigate one-dimensional position microscopy of a three-level atom moving through a stationary wave region under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency. The precise position information of an atom is observed on the resonance absorption and dispersion distribution spectrum of a weak probe field. Single and multiple localization peaks are observed in specific directions of the corresponding wave numbers and phase of the standing wave fields. The strength of space-independent Rabi frequency reduces the position uncertainty in the localized peaks without disturbing the probability of the atom. In a hot atomic medium the localized probability of an atom is reduced which depends upon the temperature of that medium. Our results provide useful applications in the development of laser cooling, atom nanolithography and Bose–Einstein condensation.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Mar 1, 2015•3 citations

Spatial-dependent probe transmission based high-precision two-dimensional atomic localization

Muhammad Idrees, Humaira Kalsoom, Bakht Amin Bacha +2 more

Abstract Herein, we propose a scheme for the realization of two-dimensional atomic localization in a λ -type three-level atomic medium such that the atom interacts with the two orthogonal standing-wave fields and a probe field. Because of the spatially dependent atom-field interaction, the information about the position of the atom can be obtained by monitoring the probe transmission spectra of the weak probe field for the first time. A single and double sharp localized peaks are observed in the one-wavelength domain. We have theoretically archived high-resolution and high-precision atomic localization within a region smaller than λ /25 × λ /25. The results may have potential applications in the field of nano-lithography and advance laser cooling technology.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Feb 2, 2021•25 citations

Efficient control of high-precision three-dimensional atom localization via probe absorption in a five-level phase-coherent atomic system

Aniket Banerjee, Pradipta Panchadhyayee, Bibhas Kumar Dutta

Abstract We propose a new scheme for high-precision three-dimensional (3D) atom localization by observing the spatially modulated absorption of a weak probe field operating in a partially closed-loop dependent five-level atomic system. Different spatial structures of localization patterns are presented by controlling the Rabi frequency, detuning, and field-induced collective phase-coherence with a variety of superposed standing wave field configurations. Our results highlight that 100% detection probability of atom is possible in the present model in many ways with high precision measurement of spatial absorption. It has been shown that, in the presence of standing wave fields, position information of the atom with maximum detection probability can be efficiently controlled by employing the travelling-wave field in the system. In the present work, we note that the maximum detection probability of the atom is attainable with the limit of spatial resolution better than λ/50. The efficacy of the present model is to find its application in atom nanolithography and atom-imaging having importance in quantum information processing.

Physica Scripta•Sep 2, 2024•0 citations

Theoretical study of spatially controlled atomic localization using hybrid Gaussian & Laguerre–Gaussian beams

Himani Thakur, Zubair Iqbal Dar, Paramjit Kaur

Abstract We study high-resolution atomic localization in a multilevel atomic system driven simultaneously by a Gaussian and a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam. The coexistence of the two fields creates a hybrid coupling landscape in which the Gaussian beam supplies radial confinement, while the LG beam contributes an orbital angular momentum (OAM)-dependent azimuthal modulation. By solving the steady-state density-matrix equations, we show that the resulting localization patterns contain mixed spatial harmonics whose structure is set by the topological charge, beam waist, and probe detuning. The OAM index determines the angular symmetry of the localized absorption features, whereas the beam waist controls their radial extent. Probe detuning provides an additional tuning mechanism that alters the contrast and geometry of the localization regions. These results highlight how structured light fields can be used to engineer controllable spatial localization in atomic media, with relevance to precision metrology, spatially resolved quantum control, and structured-light sensing.

Physica Scripta•Apr 9, 2026•0 citations
We present a comprehensive theoretical investigation of two-dimensional (2D) Compton-azimuthal atomic localization in a three-level atomic system interacting with spatially structured light fields. The study focuses on how the azimuthal quantum numbers of the applied standing-wave fields influence the spatial probability distribution of an atom within the 2D plane. By numerically solving the governing equations of motion with realistic atomic parameters, we obtain localization maps that reveal sharp and well-defined probability peaks. The spatial localization arises from the position-dependent Rabi frequencies, which are modulated by the standing-wave interference patterns and the orbital angular momentum carried by the fields. Our results demonstrate a clear transition from multiple sharp localization peaks to a single dominant peak as ℓ1 and ℓ2 are reduced. This peak reduction significantly increases the probability of finding the atom at the remaining high-probability sites, reaching 100% localization probability in the single-peak regime. Physically, this occurs because lower azimuthal mode numbers simplify the spatial interference structure, concentrating the atomic wavefunction in a narrower spatial region. The tunability of localization via ℓ1 and ℓ2 provides a flexible control mechanism for atomic position measurement with subwavelength precision. The findings not only offer new insights into Compton-azimuthal localization mechanisms but also open potential applications in quantum metrology, atom-based nanolithography, and precision quantum control of matter–light interactions in structured optical fields.
In this work, we explore a tunable scheme for achieving precise two-dimensional (2D) atomic localization in a four-level tripod atomic system. The system is driven by two control fields with orbital angular momentum and a weak probe field. By varying the azimuthal quantum numbers, spatial phase shifts, and atomic decay rates, we demonstrate controlled manipulation of atomic localization with high spatial precision. The interaction of structured light fields with the atomic system generates interference patterns that result in sharp localization peaks in the 2D plane. The study investigates the effects of varying the control parameters, such as phase shifts and decay rates, on the number, spacing, and sharpness of these localization peaks. Notably, optimized parameters lead to the formation of a single, highly localized transmission peak, enabling subwavelength spatial resolution. Our results have significant implications for applications in atom lithography, precision spectroscopy, and quantum state engineering, offering a flexible method for precise control of atomic positions in quantum systems.
Abstract In this study we theoretically demonstrate ultrahigh-resolution two-dimensional atomic localization within a three-level λ -type atomic medium via superposition of asymmetric and symmetric standing wave fields. Our analysis provides an understanding of the precise spatial localization of atomic positions at the atomic level, utilizing advanced theoretical approaches and principles of quantum mechanics. The dynamical behavior of a three-level atomic system is thoroughly analyzed using the density matrix formalism within the realm of quantum mechanics. A theoretical approach is constructed to describe the interaction between the system and external fields, specifically a control field and a probe field. The absorption spectrum of the probe field is thoroughly examined to clarify the spatial localization of the atom within the proposed configuration. A theoretical investigation found that symmetric and asymmetric superposition phenomena significantly influence the localized peaks within a two-dimensional spatial domain. Specifically, the emergence of one and two sharp localized peaks was observed within a one-wavelength domain. We observed notable influences of the intensity of the control field, probe field detuning and decay rates on atomic localization. Ultimately, we have achieved an unprecedented level of ultrahigh resolution and precision in localizing an atom within an area smaller than λ /35 × λ /35. These findings hold promise for potential applications in fields such as Bose–Einstein condensation, nanolithography, laser cooling, trapping of neutral atoms and the measurement of center-of-mass wave functions.
Abstract We investigate one-dimensional position microscopy of a three-level atom moving through a stationary wave region under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency. The precise position information of an atom is observed on the resonance absorption and dispersion distribution spectrum of a weak probe field. Single and multiple localization peaks are observed in specific directions of the corresponding wave numbers and phase of the standing wave fields. The strength of space-independent Rabi frequency reduces the position uncertainty in the localized peaks without disturbing the probability of the atom. In a hot atomic medium the localized probability of an atom is reduced which depends upon the temperature of that medium. Our results provide useful applications in the development of laser cooling, atom nanolithography and Bose–Einstein condensation.
Abstract Herein, we propose a scheme for the realization of two-dimensional atomic localization in a λ -type three-level atomic medium such that the atom interacts with the two orthogonal standing-wave fields and a probe field. Because of the spatially dependent atom-field interaction, the information about the position of the atom can be obtained by monitoring the probe transmission spectra of the weak probe field for the first time. A single and double sharp localized peaks are observed in the one-wavelength domain. We have theoretically archived high-resolution and high-precision atomic localization within a region smaller than λ /25 × λ /25. The results may have potential applications in the field of nano-lithography and advance laser cooling technology.
Abstract We propose a new scheme for high-precision three-dimensional (3D) atom localization by observing the spatially modulated absorption of a weak probe field operating in a partially closed-loop dependent five-level atomic system. Different spatial structures of localization patterns are presented by controlling the Rabi frequency, detuning, and field-induced collective phase-coherence with a variety of superposed standing wave field configurations. Our results highlight that 100% detection probability of atom is possible in the present model in many ways with high precision measurement of spatial absorption. It has been shown that, in the presence of standing wave fields, position information of the atom with maximum detection probability can be efficiently controlled by employing the travelling-wave field in the system. In the present work, we note that the maximum detection probability of the atom is attainable with the limit of spatial resolution better than λ/50. The efficacy of the present model is to find its application in atom nanolithography and atom-imaging having importance in quantum information processing.
Abstract We study high-resolution atomic localization in a multilevel atomic system driven simultaneously by a Gaussian and a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam. The coexistence of the two fields creates a hybrid coupling landscape in which the Gaussian beam supplies radial confinement, while the LG beam contributes an orbital angular momentum (OAM)-dependent azimuthal modulation. By solving the steady-state density-matrix equations, we show that the resulting localization patterns contain mixed spatial harmonics whose structure is set by the topological charge, beam waist, and probe detuning. The OAM index determines the angular symmetry of the localized absorption features, whereas the beam waist controls their radial extent. Probe detuning provides an additional tuning mechanism that alters the contrast and geometry of the localization regions. These results highlight how structured light fields can be used to engineer controllable spatial localization in atomic media, with relevance to precision metrology, spatially resolved quantum control, and structured-light sensing.