Cambridge University Press eBooks

Splitting the Hamiltonian: Heisenberg and Interaction Pictures

Giancarlo Calvanese Strinati

Published Feb 6, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

In the Schrödinger and Heisenberg representations, the time-evolution operator depends on the full time-dependent Hamiltonian, which includes an external time-dependent potential. Out of this full-time dependence, it is useful to isolate the time dependences due to either the full system Hamiltonian or its noninteracting part. These two cases, referred to as the Heisenberg and interaction pictures, respectively, are considered separately.

DOI: 10.1017/9781009411509.004

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