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ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE TIME EVOLUTION OF THE JAYNES-CUMMINGS MODEL AT ATOMIC AND LIGHT FIELD RESONANCE

Shaohui YAO, Zhaohua XIONG

Published Oct 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model is one of the most fundamental models for the interaction between light and matter. In this paper, we first derive the explicit expression for the time evolution operator of the JC model when the light field resonates with a two-level atom. Based on this, we calculate the analytical expressions for the system state and the population of each atomic energy level as a function of time when the two-level atom is initially in a superposition of two energy eigenstates and the light field is in a superposition of three photon number states and a coherent state, respectively. Finally, this paper introduces QuTiP, a useful extension library in Python for quantum mechanics simulation and numerical solution, and uses it to numerically solve the time evolution of this model, obtaining results consistent with the analytical solutions. These computational processes are of great significance in scientific research and university physics teaching.

DOI
10.26599/phys.2025.9320501

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The Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model is one of the most fundamental models for the interaction between light and matter. In this paper, we first derive the explicit expression for the time evolution operator of the JC model when the light field resonates with a two-level atom. Based on this, we calculate the analytical expressions for the system state and the population of each atomic energy level as a function of time when the two-level atom is initially in a superposition of two energy eigenstates and the light field is in a superposition of three photon number states and a coherent state, respectively. Finally, this paper introduces QuTiP, a useful extension library in Python for quantum mechanics simulation and numerical solution, and uses it to numerically solve the time evolution of this model, obtaining results consistent with the analytical solutions. These computational processes are of great significance in scientific research and university physics teaching.
Jaynes–Cummings (JC) models are by far the most widely used to study the dynamics of two-level systems, such as atoms or molecules under suitable conditions, coupled to quantized electromagnetic fields. Nowadays, analytical solutions of JC models are more useful than ever for understanding and controlling radiation-matter interactions relevant to quantum information processing, quantum computing, and other quantum technologies. This study presents the analysis and generalization of a method for the solution of the dynamical problem in the time-independent JC model (Carbonaro et al., 1979) that enables an exact description of the atom-field dynamics in the resonant time-dependent JC model and in a nontrivial class of off-resonance time-dependent JC models. Our analysis produces the ready-to-use forms of the evolution operator in the resonant and non-resonant cases, which are then used to derive the evolution of the atomic population inversion for some types of atom-field coupling. The central idea behind the proposed approach offers opportunities for its extension to other time-dependent cases and its generalization to JC-related models.
The exactly analytic solution of the coherent sbate Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model is derived for the detunings using the interaction picture. The atomic level occupation probabilities are investig-ated numerically as function of time and detuning parameter and initial mean photon number. For detuning parameter, the quantum collapse and revival phenomenon of the atomic level occupation probabilities is found. Interference between revival signals is discussed. The time evolution of the coherent states of field is studied numerically. It is discovered that the evolution of the state of field appears to be quasi-reversible for a short period of time. This is an interesting and important new phenomenon of JC model. Detailed discussion is presented.
An extension of the standard one-photon as well as the two-photon Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model has been done to include transient effects due to a modulation of the atom-field coupling coefficient. An explicit time dependence is given for the case of a linear sweep of the coupling parameter. We have shown the effects of such a sweep on the dynamical evolution of a two-level atom undergoing a one- or two-photon process in a single nondecaying mode of the field in a coherent state. The statistical aspects of the field, such as intensity-intensity correlation and squeezing, are also investigated and are found to be both qualitatively as well as quantitatively different from the standard JC models.
Aim To modify the traditional JC(Jaynes-Cummings) model by considering the influence of the term A2, and a more rigorous and practical quantum optics model was obtained.Methods The model including the term A2 is rigorously derived by using second-quantization method. Results A nonlinear quantum optics model for a two-level atom interacting with light field is given. This model can be used to study the atomic behavior in the intense light field. Finally, a simple solution of this model under the condition that the two-photon process is neglected is obtained, and the difference of this solution with that of the JC model is also simply discussed.Conclusion The term of A2 is greatly modify the form of the JC model and the model presented here can provide a relative precise results if the light field is strong.
The pure-state evolution of the atomic as well as the field states in the resonant two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model with the field initially in the coherent state is studied. Analytic expressions for various quantities involved are obtained under the large-n\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} approximation. It is shown that the atom as well as the field are approximately in the pure state for gt=k\ensuremath{\pi}/4, where k is an integer and in a completely pure state for gt=k\ensuremath{\pi}. The field states generated at the times gt=k\ensuremath{\pi}/4 are shown to be a quantum superposition of the coherent states for a particular choice of the relative phase. The interference between these states leads to a spiked photon-number distribution but the field is still Poissonian.