The Rise of Quantum Computing and Its Global Race: A Comprehensive Survey with Novel Analytical Framework for Strategic Competitiveness Assessment
Safwan Hungund
Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift in computational capability with profound implications for global technological supremacy, economic competitiveness, and national security. This comprehensive survey synthesizes the current state of quantum computing development across major powers and introduces the Quantum Strategic Competitiveness Index (QSCI) as a novel analytical framework for quantifying national quantum capabilities. Through systematic analysis of publicly available data from government reports, research publications, and policy documents, we assess quantum competitiveness across five dimensions: investment intensity, research quality, innovation output, human capital, and implementation readiness. Our analysis reveals that China leads in absolute public investment (approximately $15 billion as reported by multiple sources [11,13]), while the United States maintains superiority in research quality (34% of top-cited papers [12]) and private sector engagement (44% of global funding [12]). The European Union demonstrates strong public-academic collaboration with over €11 billion committed [14, 15]. We provide rigorous mathematical foundations of quantum computing principles, analyze recent experimental achievements including Google's Willow processor achieving below-threshold error correction [4], and examine cryptographic vulnerabilities requiring immediate post-quantum migration. Economic impact analysis with uncertainty quantification projects quantum computing generating $950
•Nov 24, 2025•0 citations