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Physics Letters A

Non-Gaussian entanglement in an optomechanical system

Alexander K. Tagantsev

Published Jan 30, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The non-Gaussianity and entanglement in an optomechanical system with the dispersive coupling is theoretically considered for the coherent optical and vacuum mechanical input. The so-called non-Gaussianity is evaluated as a function of the modulus of coherent state parameter of the input optical field and the normalized optomechanical coupling constant. To detect and quantify the entanglement in the system, three criteria (a criterion based on the trace of the reduced density matrix squared, the Simon criterion, and that suggested by Shchukin and Vogel) are used. The results of application of these criteria are compared and critically analyzed. The situations in which these criteria agree among each other and in which they disagree are rationalized. An important conclusion of the work is that, in the regime of strong optomechanical coupling, the non-Gaussian entanglement in the system should be ascribed to the correlations of an exponentially high order.

DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2026.131396

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The non-Gaussianity and entanglement in an optomechanical system with the dispersive coupling is theoretically considered for the coherent optical and vacuum mechanical input. The so-called non-Gaussianity is evaluated as a function of the modulus of coherent state parameter of the input optical field and the normalized optomechanical coupling constant. To detect and quantify the entanglement in the system, three criteria (a criterion based on the trace of the reduced density matrix squared, the Simon criterion, and that suggested by Shchukin and Vogel) are used. The results of application of these criteria are compared and critically analyzed. The situations in which these criteria agree among each other and in which they disagree are rationalized. An important conclusion of the work is that, in the regime of strong optomechanical coupling, the non-Gaussian entanglement in the system should be ascribed to the correlations of an exponentially high order.
We study an optomechanical system, where a mechanical oscillator interacts with a Gaussian input optical field. In the linearized picture, we analytically prove that if the input light field is the vacuum state, or is frequency-independently squeezed, the stationary entanglement between the oscillator and the output optical field is independent of the coherent coupling between them, which we refer to as the universality of entanglement. Furthermore, we demonstrate that entanglement cannot be generated by performing arbitrary frequency-dependent squeezing on the input optical field. Our results hold in the presence of general, Gaussian environmental noise sources, including non-Markovian noise.
In this paper, we analyze nonclassical correlations between bipartite states in two optomechanical systems. The first system (Sec. 2) consists of two nanoresonators spatially separated by broadband squeezed light, where each cavity has a fixed mirror and a movable one. The second system (Sec. 3) is an atom-optomechanical system consisting of an atomic ensemble placed inside an optical nanoresonator with a vibrating mirror. For both optomechanical systems, we give the Hamiltonian and the explicit expression of covariance matrix leading to the quantum equations describing the dynamic evolution of the system. Then, the nonclassical correlations are quantified using the logarithmic negativity and Gaussian quantum discord. We propose also a scheme for examining the evolution of Gaussian quantum steering and its asymmetry in each system. We show that the entanglement of the two mechanical modes is very strongly related to the parameters characterizing the environment where the movable mirrors evolve, in particular the squeeze parameter, the optomechanical cooperativity and thermal bath temperature.
The aim of this paper is to quantify the quantum correlations between mechanical and optical modes in an optomechanical system with two spatially separated Fabry–Pérot cavities. We use logarithmic negativity [Formula: see text] and entanglement of formation (EoF), respectively, to quantify entanglement between optical and mechanical modes, while Gaussian geometric discord (GGD) is used to capture all nonclassical correlations, including entanglement. These quantifiers are evaluated as functions of the physical parameters characterizing the environment and the system (the thermal bath temperature [Formula: see text], the photons number [Formula: see text], the optomechanical cooperativity [Formula: see text], the squeeze parameter [Formula: see text] and the drive pump power [Formula: see text]). By considering recent experimental parameters, we show that GGD is more robust than entanglement for high thermal bath temperature and low optomechanical cooperativity. We also find that these quantifiers improve with increasing optomechanical cooperativity. The effects of the other parameters are also discussed in detail.
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Abstract We study the non-Gaussian character of quantum optomechanical systems evolving under the fully nonlinear optomechanical Hamiltonian. By using a measure of non-Gaussianity based on the relative entropy of an initially Gaussian state, we quantify the amount of non-Gaussianity induced by both a constant and time-dependent cubic light–matter coupling and study its general and asymptotic behaviour. We find analytical approximate expressions for the measure of non-Gaussianity and show that initial thermal phonon occupation of the mechanical element does not significantly impact the non-Gaussianity. More importantly, we also show that it is possible to continuously increase the amount of non-Gassuianity of the state by driving the light–matter coupling at the frequency of mechanical resonance, suggesting a viable mechanism for increasing the non-Gaussianity of optomechanical systems even in the presence of noise.