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Frontiers in Optics

Long-wavelength Transitions in Yb Atom Arrays for Quantum Science

Chun-Wei Liu, Saiwei Nie, Eesha Banerjee, Micah Allan Davidson, A. P. Burgers

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present progress towards a fully-atomic cavity QED system for novel quantum architectures by demonstrating arrays of Yb atoms trapped in optical tweezers and calculating the expected cooperativity of cavities constructed from closely-spaced atomic arrays.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2025.fw7c.3

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Neutral atoms trapped in arrays of optical tweezers are a versatile platform for multiple research efforts in quantum information science. In particular, alkaline-earth atoms like Yb offer many advantages including ultralong coherence nuclear spin states for quantum information storage and high-fidelity qubit operations, optical transitions to Rydberg states for generating strong, long-range interactions between atoms, and narrow optical transitions for efficient cooling and metrology. Additionally, optical transitions from the long-lived 3P0 nuclear spin state have frequencies in the telecommunications band making integration with fiber networks and silicon nanophotonics an attractive avenue of exploration for hybrid quantum systems and quantum communication. Finally, these optical tweezer platforms are well suited for investigating the cooperative response of an array of atoms, where the proximity of neighboring atoms fundamentally alters the systems optical response which has implications for quantum information storage. Here I will present efforts to investigate these research avenues using alkaline-earth atoms in optical tweezers.
A central challenge for cavity-QED-based quantum technologies is to make high-cooperativity optical interfaces compatible with site-resolved arrays of single atoms. Here, we demonstrate optical tweezer arrays of individual 87^{87}87Rb atoms inside a fiber Fabry-Perot microcavity with single-atom cooperativity C∼90\mathcal{C} \sim 90C∼90. We combine background-free site-resolved fluorescence imaging of extended arrays with collective coupling to a common cavity mode for arrays with a mean atom number up to Nˉ≃36\bar{N} \simeq 36Nˉ≃36. These results establish a high-cooperativity platform for many-body cavity-QED with site-resolved detection and control.
Scalable quantum computers and quantum networks require the combination of quantum processing nodes with efficient light-matter interfaces to distribute quantum information in local or long-distance quantum networks. Neutral-atom arrays have both been coupled to Rydberg states to enable high-fidelity quantum gates in universal processing architectures, and to optical cavities to realize interfaces to photons. However, combining these two capabilities and coupling atom arrays to highly excited Rydberg states in the mode of an optical cavity has been an outstanding challenge. Here we present a novel cavity-coupled Rydberg array that achieves this long-standing goal. We prepare, detect, and control individual atoms in a scalable optical tweezer array, couple them strongly to the optical mode of a high-finesse optical cavity and excite them in a controlled way to Rydberg states. We show that high-cooperativity coupling to an optical cavity -- demonstrated via the dispersive shift of the resonance of the cavity in presence of the atoms -- and strong Rydberg interactions -- demonstrated via the collective enhancement of Rydberg coupling in the atomic array -- can be achieved in our setup at the same spatial location. Our presented experimental platform opens the path to several new directions, including the realization of quantum network nodes, quantum simulation of long-range interacting, open quantum systems and photonic-state engineering leveraging high-fidelity Rydberg control.