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Frontiers in Optics

Numerical Modeling of 171Yb+ Qubit Control

A. E. Iyer, Christine M. Steenkamp, N. E. Payne

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We numerically model the interaction between an ytterbium-171 ion and lasers using rate equations. The model is used to analyse hyperfine state population dynamics to optimize efficiency and timescales of quantum control processes used experimentally.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2025.jw4a.4

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We demonstrate the use of trapped ytterbium ions as quantum bits for quantum information processing. We implement fast, efficient state preparation and state detection of the first-order magnetic field-insensitive hyperfine levels of 171Yb+^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^{+}171Yb+, with a measured coherence time of 2.5s2.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}2.5s. The high efficiency and high fidelity of these operations is accomplished through the stabilization and frequency modulation of relevant laser sources.
Trapped ions are one of the most promising candidates for quantum information applications. We describe an experimental setup using a linear rf Paul trap for confining 171Yb+ ions. In particular, the required lasers and lock setups are described. One of the key requirements for qubit manipulation is achieving high fidelity state-selective detection. A well established means to accomplish this is through the use of laser fluorescence. The fluorescence theory of 171Yb+, including the effect of coherent population trapping which can suppress the fluorescence, is documented together with the counter-acting effect of a magnetic field. In addition, the fluorescence theory of 174Yb+, which has simpler atomic structure, is also described for comparison. The resonance fluorescence behaviour of both isotopes is studied experimentally as a function of magnetic field, laser polarization, power and detuning. The experimental results for both isotopes agree with theoretical models, including the effect of coherent population trapping.
INJECTION LOCKING FOR SPECTRAL FILTERING OF ADDRESSING LASER FOR OPTICAL QUBITS IN 171^{171}171Yb+^++ IONS
Abstract This work investigates laser control of populations of magnetic sublevels of the ground hyperfine level of the cesium atom on the D2 line (6S1/2 → 6P3/2). A theoretical model is developed within the full density-matrix formalism based on the Lindblad equation, which accounts for coherent interaction with the laser field, spontaneous decay, and decoherence processes. The dynamics of the system is described by a set of coupled ordinary differential equations that reflect the complete Zeeman level structure and the competing relaxation channels characteristic of a realistic multilevel atomic medium. The aim of this work is the controlled redistribution and transfer of population between selected magnetic sublevels while minimizing the population of excited states. To this end, an optimization problem for the laser field parameters is formulated, including pulse amplitudes, frequency detunings, phases, and temporal profiles. Numerical calculations are performed by integrating the high-dimensional system of density-matrix evolution equations. The proposed approach constitutes a scalable computation platform for modeling and controlling Zeeman population dynamics in complex quantum systems and can be applied to problems of quantum state control and preparation.
INJECTION LOCKING FOR SPECTRAL FILTERING OF ADDRESSING LASER FOR OPTICAL QUBITS IN 171^{171}171Yb+^++ IONS