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International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)

Secure Communications via Two-Phase Jamming Beamforming in UAV Relaying Networks

Xiaozheng Gao, Yalin Zhang, Qing Shen, Xuhui Ding, Qinglin Zhu, Dusit Tao Niyato, Kai Yang

Published Oct 23, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

This paper investigates secure communications between a pair of ground transceivers with the aid of a relay unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Specifically, we consider a powerful eavesdropper who conducts eavesdropping attacks in two transmission phases. The multi-antenna transmitter communicates with the UAV through information beamforming in Phase I, and the UAV relays the secrecy data through a single antenna to the receiver in Phase II. We propose a secure transmission scheme where the transmitter utilizes artificial noise technique to interfere with the eavesdropper through jamming beamforming in two phases. In particular, we formulate an optimization problem, and employ the max-min optimization, block coordinate descent, semi-definite relaxation, and successive convex approximation methods to deal with it. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed secure transmission scheme.

DOI
10.1109/wcsp68525.2025.1010441

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This paper investigates secure communications between a pair of ground transceivers with the aid of a relay unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Specifically, we consider a powerful eavesdropper who conducts eavesdropping attacks in two transmission phases. The multi-antenna transmitter communicates with the UAV through information beamforming in Phase I, and the UAV relays the secrecy data through a single antenna to the receiver in Phase II. We propose a secure transmission scheme where the transmitter utilizes artificial noise technique to interfere with the eavesdropper through jamming beamforming in two phases. In particular, we formulate an optimization problem, and employ the max-min optimization, block coordinate descent, semi-definite relaxation, and successive convex approximation methods to deal with it. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed secure transmission scheme.
This letter presents a new cooperative jamming approach to secure the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication by leveraging jamming from other nearby UAVs to defend against the eavesdropping. In particular, we consider a two-UAV scenario when one UAV transmitter delivers the confidential information to a ground node (GN), and the other UAV jammer cooperatively sends the artificial noise to confuse the ground eavesdropper for protecting the confidentiality of the data transmission. By exploiting the fully controllable mobility, the two UAVs can adaptively adjust their locations over time (a.k.a. trajectories) to facilitate the secure communication and cooperative jamming. We assume that the two UAVs perfectly know the GN's location and partially know the eavesdropper's location a priori. Under this setup, we maximize the average secrecy rate from the UAV transmitter to the GN over one particular time period, by optimizing the UAVs' trajectories, jointly with their communicating/jamming power allocations. Although the formulated problem is non-convex, we propose an efficient solution by applying the techniques of alternating optimization and successive convex approximation.
The broadcast nature of air-to-ground line-of-sight (LoS) wireless channel imposes a great challenge in secure unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications. To address this issue, this paper investigates UAV-ground communications from the physical-layer security perspective. Specifically, the investigated scenario includes a UAV serving as the base station (BS) that transmits confidential signals to a legitimate ground user, and there are multiple eavesdroppers on the ground with unknown position information. To further enhance the secrecy performance of the UAV-ground communications, an idle UAV can be employed to serve as a friendly jammer, which can transmit jamming signals to confuse the eavesdroppers. In our proposed strategy, the flying trajectory and the transmit power for both the UAVs are jointly optimized by maximizing the worst-case secrecy rate (WCSR) of the system. Considering the intractability of the formulated non-convex problem, we further provide a block coordinate descent-based iterative optimization method. Simulations verify that our proposed algorithm can significantly improve the average WCSR in comparison with the existing works.
The broadcast nature of wireless channels introduces significant security risks during information transmission. When the eavesdropper is in close proximity to the legitimate receiver, their channel state information (CSI) may be highly correlated or even superior to that of the legitimate channel, rendering traditional power optimization methods ineffective in suppressing eavesdropping rates. To address this issue, this paper proposes an artificial noise (AN)-assisted unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relay system. By leveraging the UAV relay to inject artificial noise while transmitting signals and dynamically adjusting the power allocation factor based on real-time CSI and the UAV's position, precise interference control over the eavesdropping channel is achieved. This study establishes a fournode communication system comprising a source, relay, legitimate receiver, and eavesdropper, formulating a joint optimization problem aimed at maximizing secrecy capacity. Given the nonconvex nature of the optimization problem, this paper employs slack variables and the successive convex approximation (SCA) method to equivalently transform the original problem into a convex problem. A closed-form analytical solution for the power allocation factor is derived using the staircase water-filling (WF) algorithm. Furthermore, an alternating iterative optimization algorithm based on artificial noise assistance is proposed to achieve global optimization of system parameters. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared to traditional power optimization schemes, the proposed algorithm reduces the eavesdropping capacity and improves the information transmission efficiency, significantly enhancing both system security and transmission performance.
In this paper, we study the secrecy transmission in multi-antenna relay networks with multiple eavesdroppers. The relay employs the amplify-and-forward relaying protocol and simultaneously sends the artificial noise to interfere the eavesdroppers. It is assumed that only imperfect channel state information on the main and eavesdropping channels is available at the relay. We exploit the robust beam forming and jamming to maximize the worst-case secrecy rate under a total relay power budget. Because of the infinitely nonconvex constraints, the problem is difficult to solve. Therefore, we approximate the problem into several tractable semi definite programs by semi definite relaxation, S-procedure, and the successive convex approximation techniques. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
This paper investigates an average secrecy rate (ASR) maximization problem for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) enabled wireless communication system, wherein a UAV is employed to deliver confidential information to a ground destination in the presence of a terrestrial passive eavesdropper. By employing an artificial noise (AN) injection based secure two-phase transmission protocol, we aim at jointly optimizing the UAV’s trajectory, network transmission power, and AN power allocation over a given time horizon to enhance the ASR performance. Specifically, we divide the original non-convex problem into four subproblems, and propose a successive convex approximation based efficient iterative algorithm to solve it suboptimally with guaranteed convergence. Simulation results demonstrate significant security advantages of our designed scheme over other known benchmarks, particularly for stringent flight durations.
Aiming at the threat of eavesdropping in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted communication networks, multiuser secure communication with multi-relay nodes and multi-eavesdropping threats is investigated in this paper. By deploying a dual-antenna UAV relay node, a hybrid decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol is considered to transmit data. In addition, cooperative jamming techniques are used in order to improve the performance of the secure confidential communication. The secure communication problem is formulated as an optimization problem. The goal is to maximize the minimum secrecy transmission rate subject to UAV transmitting power, user transmitting power, and channel bandwidth. By introducing a grey wolf optimizer (GWO), the suboptimal solution is obtained. Simulation results show that the GWO has higher secrecy transmission rate than the firefly algorithm and the average bandwidth and fixed transmitting power method.