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Asia Communications and Photonics Conference

Photonic Terahertz Secure Communication with High-dimensional Quantum Noise Cipher

Xiaoxiao Li, Qiuzhuo Deng, Yuan Cao, Oskars Ozoliņš, Xiaodan Pang, Lu Zhang, Xianbin Yu

Published Nov 5, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a high-dimensional quantum noise cipher-based photonic terahertz secure communication scheme, with effective anti-eavesdropping and anti-correlation attack capabilities. The experiment demonstrates a 20 Gbps secure transmission operating at 286 GHz over a 10-meter wireless link, paving the way for broadband wireless communications with high-security.

DOI
10.1109/acp66871.2025.11350466

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In this paper, we propose a high-dimensional quantum noise cipher-based photonic terahertz secure communication scheme, with effective anti-eavesdropping and anti-correlation attack capabilities. The experiment demonstrates a 20 Gbps secure transmission operating at 286 GHz over a 10-meter wireless link, paving the way for broadband wireless communications with high-security.
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Security enhancement is a major challenge in future 6G wireless networks. In this study, we have introduced a symmetric-key encryption system, which utilizes multilevel signaling, for the security of microwave signals against wireless interception. The system achieves quantum-noise signal masking at microwave frequencies via optical-tomicrowave frequency conversion based on the homodyne process, thus providing high signal security. We show experimental demonstrations of quantum-noise randomized phase-shift keying modulation/quadrature amplitude modulation cipher generation at a frequency of ~GHz via the intensity modulation/direct detection analog intermediate frequency over fiber transmission. The proposed system simultaneously achieves microwave signal delivery over a fiber link and signal encryption based on sufficient quantum-noise signal masking for wireless communication systems.
A well-known empirical rule for the demand of wireless communication systems is that of Edholm's law of bandwidth. It states that the demand for bandwidth in wireless short-range communications doubles every 18 months. With the growing demand for bandwidth and the decreasing cell size of wireless systems, terahertz (THz) communication systems are expected to become increasingly important in modern day applications. With this expectation comes the need for protecting users' privacy and security in the best way possible. With that in mind, we show that quantum key distribution can operate in the THz regime and we derive the relevant secret key rates against realistic collective attacks. In the extended THz range (from 0.1 to 50 THz), we find that below 1 THz, the main detrimental factor is thermal noise, while at higher frequencies it is atmospheric absorption. Our results show that high-rate THz quantum cryptography is possible over distances varying from a few meters using direct reconciliation, to about 220m via reverse reconciliation. We also give a specific example of the physical hardware and architecture that could be used to realize our THz quantum key distribution scheme.