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LaserPhys Youth School-Conference

Minimization of magnetic field-induced shifts in the 171Yb+ ion frequency standard for Ramsey and Hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy

D. S. Krysenko, Прудников Олег Николаевич, Valery Yudin, А. В. Тайченачев, Sergey Chepurov

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have researched the possibility of Ramsey and Hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy of 171Yb+ ion octupole transition 2S1/2 (F=0) → 2F7/2 (F=3) in small magnetic fields. A comparative analysis of the shifts of the central resonance in Ramsey and Hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy was carried out. In particular, probe light parameters such as intensity, Rabi frequency and magnetic field values have been determined for achievement the influence of non-linear light shift and second-order Zeeman shift on central resonance shift no more than 10-19.

DOI
10.15862/83mnnpk25.22

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We have researched the possibility of Ramsey and Hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy of 171Yb+ ion octupole transition 2S1/2 (F=0) → 2F7/2 (F=3) in small magnetic fields. A comparative analysis of the shifts of the central resonance in Ramsey and Hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy was carried out. In particular, probe light parameters such as intensity, Rabi frequency and magnetic field values have been determined for achievement the influence of non-linear light shift and second-order Zeeman shift on central resonance shift no more than 10-19.
Spectroscopy has been performed on $\mathrm{the}{}^{2}{S}_{1/2}(F=0,{m}_{F}{=0)\ensuremath{-}}^{2}{F}_{7/2}{(F=3,m}_{F}=0)$ electric octupole transition in 171Yb+{}^{171}{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}171Yb+ with kilohertz resolution. A quantum jump rate of more than one per second has been achieved, a factor of 100 improvement on previous work. Spectra including the sidebands at the trap secular frequency show the ion to be in the Lambe-Dicke regime and hence the Doppler effect has been eliminated to first order. The dynamic Stark shift is a significant perturbation to the frequency because of the high intensity required to drive the octupole transition. It has been measured as ${42}_{\ensuremath{-}10}^{+12} \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{Hz}{\mathrm{W}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ and with further reduction in the probe laser linewidth, it should be possible to reduce the relative uncertainty in this shift to the parts in 1018{10}^{18}1018 level. The transition is free from the Zeeman effect to first order and has a measured second-order shift of $1.9(3) \mathrm{mHz}(\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{T}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}2}.$ It should be possible to reduce the relative uncertainty in this shift to below the part in 1018{10}^{18}1018 level. The electric quadrupole shift may be the limiting systematic effect, but cannot yet be observed with the current resolution on the transition.
We examine the influence of probe-laser-intensity fluctuations on hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy. We assume, as is appropriate for relevant cases of interest, that the probe-laser intensity III determines both the Rabi frequency ($\ensuremath{\propto}\sqrt{I}$) and the frequency shift to the atomic transition ($\ensuremath{\propto}I$) during probe-laser interactions with the atom. The spectroscopic signal depends on these two quantities that covary with fluctuations in the probe-laser intensity. Introducing a simple model for the fluctuations, we find that the signature robustness of the hyper-Ramsey method can be compromised. Taking the Yb+{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}Yb+ electric octupole clock transition as an example, we quantify the clock error under different levels of probe-laser-intensity fluctuations.
Abstract Standard methods of laser cooling 171Yb+ in a radiofrequency trap involve the use of coherent optical fields resonant to the optical transition of the 2S1/2 → 2P1/2 line, as well as a magnetic field that is used to destroy the coherent population trapping (CPT) appeared at the 2S1/2(F = 1) level. Further precision measurements with use of the clock transitions (quadrupole 2S1/2(F = 0) → 2D3/2(F = 2) and octupole 2S1/2(F = 0) → 2F7/2(F = 2)) require significant suppression and control of residual magnetic fields. In this work, we investigate in detail an alternative method of laser cooling 171Yb+ with use of polychromatic fields, which allows completely eliminate the use of a magnetic field in the ion cooling process and thus suppress Zeeman quadratic shift associated with uncontrolled residual magnetic fields.
We develop a method of modified hyper-Ramsey spectroscopy in optical clocks, achieving complete immunity to the frequency shifts induced by the probing fields themselves. Using particular pulse sequences with tailored phases, frequencies, and durations, we can derive an error signal centered exactly at the unperturbed atomic resonance with a steep discriminant which is robust against variations in the probe shift. We experimentally investigate the scheme using the magnetically induced ${}^{1}{S}_{0}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{}^{3}{P}_{0}$ transition in 88Sr^{88}\mathrm{Sr}88Sr, demonstrating automatic suppression of a sizable $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ probe Stark shift to below $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ even with very large errors in shift compensation.
We devise a perturbation-immune version of Ramsey's method of separated oscillatory fields. Spectroscopy of an atomic clock transition without compromising the clock's accuracy is accomplished by actively balancing the spectroscopic responses from phase-congruent Ramsey probe cycles of unequal durations. Our simple and universal approach eliminates a wide variety of interrogation-induced line shifts often encountered in high precision spectroscopy, among them, in particular, light shifts, phase chirps, and transient Zeeman shifts. We experimentally demonstrate autobalanced Ramsey spectroscopy on the light shift prone ^{171}Yb^{+} electric octupole optical clock transition and show that interrogation defects are not turned into clock errors. This opens up frequency accuracy perspectives below the 10^{-18} level for the Yb^{+} system and for other types of optical clocks.