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Acta Physica Sinica

Single-particle double-slit interference via adiabatic evolution

Sun Taiyu, Shen Yong, Fengtao JIN, Zhou Yongzhuang, Deng Zhijiao, Hongxin Zou

Published Jan 1, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

物质波干涉是量子力学的核心现象之一,不仅深刻验证了波粒二象性与量子叠加原理,也为量子计算、量子传感等前沿技术提供了关键的量子态操控基础.本文提出一种基于单粒子波包绝热演化的双缝干涉理论方案.通过控制光晶格势阱从单谐振子势到双势阱的绝热演化,实现单粒子物质波波函数的相干分裂;随后撤去势场,使两波包自由演化并发生干涉.结合解析推导与数值模拟,我们定量分析了干涉发生的时间尺度与条纹结构特征,基于能隙平方反比关系优化了绝热演化路径,显著提升了过程保真度.在此基础上,我们研究了初态热噪声对干涉对比度的影响,并探讨了典型原子体系下的实验可行性.研究结果为在单粒子水平上实现物质波干涉提供了系统的理论框架与实验指导.

DOI: 10.7498/aps.75.20251649

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物质波干涉是量子力学的核心现象之一,不仅深刻验证了波粒二象性与量子叠加原理,也为量子计算、量子传感等前沿技术提供了关键的量子态操控基础.本文提出一种基于单粒子波包绝热演化的双缝干涉理论方案.通过控制光晶格势阱从单谐振子势到双势阱的绝热演化,实现单粒子物质波波函数的相干分裂;随后撤去势场,使两波包自由演化并发生干涉.结合解析推导与数值模拟,我们定量分析了干涉发生的时间尺度与条纹结构特征,基于能隙平方反比关系优化了绝热演化路径,显著提升了过程保真度.在此基础上,我们研究了初态热噪声对干涉对比度的影响,并探讨了典型原子体系下的实验可行性.研究结果为在单粒子水平上实现物质波干涉提供了系统的理论框架与实验指导.

Young’s double slit (and Arago spot) experiments revived the wave theory of light. The standard interpretation is that the light behaves as waves before and after passing through the double slit. Feynman called the double slit experiment the only mystery in quantum mechanics. In this article, we postulate and experimentally confirm the precise rules of convex lenses. Based on those Postulates, we study the evolution of the patterns of single slit, double slit, triple slit, cross-double slit, disc ring, 1D-grating and 2D-grating experiments. The experiments show, for the first time, the novel universal phenomena: (1) Within a certain macroscopic distance from the diaphragm (Zone-1), light behaves as photons and produces a non-interference pattern, while near the screen (the far field, Zone-3), the photons produce an interference pattern, while between Zone-1 and Zone-3 (Zone-2), the photons produce an non-interference pattern; namely the nature and characteristics of the pattern are distance dependent; (2) The non-interference pattern evolves to the orthogonal interference pattern gradually in the same experiment; (3) The convex lens stops the evolution of the patterns at where it is placed; (4) The experiments violate the existing wave theories that describe the wave experiments, and violate Bohr’s complementarity principle/wave particle duality. The experiments provide profound phenomena/data for further theoretical development of optics and for understanding the nature of light. We suggest that a complete theory should be able to interpret the non-interference pattern in Zone-1, the non-interference pattern in Zone-2, and the interference pattern in Zone-3; and the evolution from one pattern to another.

The interference and the diffraction are two basic phenomena in physical optics. It has been shown that: in the experiment of a double slit, the patterns depend on the shape of the double slit, e.g., a non-parallel double slit produces the hybrid pattern, the interference pattern embedded in the diffraction pattern; a curved double slit produces Point-Symmetry-Interference-Patterns. In Section 2, we show the pattern evolution of a curved-double slit experiment: near the curved double slit, the pattern is Pre-Particle pattern (at L = 10 mm), then evolve sequentially to Particle pattern (at L = 60 mm), to Transition pattern-1

The interference and the diffraction are two basic phenomena in physical optics. It has been shown that: in the experiment of a double slit, the patterns depend on the shape of the double slit, e.g., a non-parallel double slit produces the hybrid pattern, the interference pattern embedded in the diffraction pattern; a curved double slit produces Point-Symmetry-Interference-Patterns. In this paper, we show for the first time the pattern evolution of a curved double slit experiment: near the curved double slit, the pattern is Pre-Particle pattern (at L = 10 mm), then evolve sequentially to Particle pattern (at L = 60 mm), to Transition pattern-1 (at L = 130 mm), to Arc-interference-pattern (at L = 200 mm), to Transition pattern-2 (at L = 400 mm), and finally, to Point-Symmetry-interference-pattern (at L = 900 mm) which has the point symmetry. We interpret Arc-interference-pattern (at L = 200 mm) in Section 3, and show the curvature dependence of Point-symmetry interference patterns. It is challenge to interpret Point-Symmetry-interference-pattern (at L = 900 mm), and to interpret pattern evolution.