The Bootstrap Universe framework treats the electron as an extended geometric structure with a physical field reach of 83,733 lattice units ≈ 4.4 pm. A natural consequence is the one-wave hypothesis: entangled particles are not two systems mysteriously correlated but one wave structure with multiple detection possibilities. This paper derives five testable predictions from the one-wave hypothesis. (1) Delayed-choice experiments should show exact timing independence. (2) Partial quantum erasure should restore interference visibility exactly as V = √(1 − D²), with no threshold or hysteresis. (3) Entanglement swapping fidelity should depend on intermediate measurement quality, not spatial separation. (4) Multi-particle (GHZ) decoherence should scale with wave-environment interaction surface, not particle count. (5) Electron entanglement across the 200–500 keV transition should show a qualitative shift in correlation structure. All predictions are falsifiable. The paper also resolves the EPR argument, delayed-choice experiments, and quantum erasure without retrocausality.
The Bootstrap Universe framework treats the electron as an extended geometric structure with a physical field reach of 83,733 lattice units ≈ 4.4 pm. A natural consequence is the one-wave hypothesis: entangled particles are not two systems mysteriously correlated but one wave structure with multiple detection possibilities. This paper derives five testable predictions from the one-wave hypothesis. (1) Delayed-choice experiments should show exact timing independence. (2) Partial quantum erasure should restore interference visibility exactly as V = √(1 − D²), with no threshold or hysteresis. (3) Entanglement swapping fidelity should depend on intermediate measurement quality, not spatial separation. (4) Multi-particle (GHZ) decoherence should scale with wave-environment interaction surface, not particle count. (5) Electron entanglement across the 200–500 keV transition should show a qualitative shift in correlation structure. All predictions are falsifiable. The paper also resolves the EPR argument, delayed-choice experiments, and quantum erasure without retrocausality.
The Bootstrap Universe framework derives the electron's anomalous magnetic moment from icosahedral geometry, achieving 0.094σ agreement with experiment. The derivation reveals the electron as an extended structure with a physical field reach of 83,733 lattice units ≈ 4.4 pm. This paper identifies six testable predictions that follow from extended electron structure, without requiring any interpretation of quantum mechanics. (1) Electron diffraction visibility should show anomalous energy dependence in the 200–500 keV transition region, where the de Broglie wavelength crosses the Compton wavelength (212 keV) and kinetic energy approaches the rest mass (511 keV). (2) TEM diffraction through amorphous thin films should produce structured patterns beyond random scatter. (3) Double-slit interference should persist even when the barrier is thick enough to be classically opaque. (4) Bell inequality violation magnitude for electrons should show energy dependence absent from photon tests. (5) The lower bound on entanglement correlation speed should continue rising without limit. (6) The Born rule |ψ|² emerges from phase-averaged resonance geometry, predicting specific deviations for non-uniform phase distributions. All are falsifiable.
Abstract Wave–particle duality is a counterintuitive nature of quantum physics that challenges many common-sense assumptions, and Young’s double-slit interference is a prototypical example. While most quantum erasure experiments emphasized the choice of erasing or marking the which-path information of one quantum system, we use frequency entanglement to report a nonlocal temporal double-slit interferometer such that the which-time information determines the wave-like or particle-like behaviors. Since frequency-entangled photons are created simultaneously by using spontaneous parametric down conversion, the mark of temporal distinguishability is readily prepared by delaying one of the entangled photons, and its quantum eraser is implemented by using spectrally resolved detection with a tunable delayed choice. These results may provide an alternative aspect and insight into the role of the temporal degree in quantum-light complementarity and photon interference.
According to Quantum Mechanics, the particles can exhibit either particle properties or wave properties depending on the experimental set up (wave-particle dualism). A special behavior occurs for a system of two entangled particles 1 and 2 that propagate along two different directions in the space. In such a case, the entangled particle 2 should exhibit either the particle behavior or the wave behavior depending on the kind of measurement that is performed on particle 1 whatever is the actual distance between the two particles. The apparently surprising fact is that the "choice" of what kind of measurement is performed on particle 1 can be also made when particle 2 has been already detected (delayed-choice quantum eraser).These theoretical predictions have been confirmed by the experiments and seem to suggest that a future measurement can affect a past event. Recently, both the concepts of "delayed choice" and of "quantum erasure" have been criticized by Ellerman and by Kastner. In this paper we propose an alternative analysis of the delayed-choice quantum eraser with two entangled particles and we show that it does not imply an inversion of the natural cause-effect temporal order of the physical events.
The counterintuitive features of quantum physics challenge many common-sense assumptions. In an interferometric quantum eraser experiment, one can actively choose whether or not to erase which-path information (a particle feature) of one quantum system and thus observe its wave feature via interference or not by performing a suitable measurement on a distant quantum system entangled with it. In all experiments performed to date, this choice took place either in the past or, in some delayed-choice arrangements, in the future of the interference. Thus, in principle, physical communications between choice and interference were not excluded. Here, we report a quantum eraser experiment in which, by enforcing Einstein locality, no such communication is possible. This is achieved by independent active choices, which are space-like separated from the interference. Our setup employs hybrid path-polarization entangled photon pairs, which are distributed over an optical fiber link of 55 m in one experiment, or over a free-space link of 144 km in another. No naive realistic picture is compatible with our results because whether a quantum could be seen as showing particle- or wave-like behavior would depend on a causally disconnected choice. It is therefore suggestive to abandon such pictures altogether.
## AbstractA deterministic interpretation of the double-slit experiment is proposed, in which the electron is treated as a localized particle at all times. The observed interference pattern is attributed to a real physical energy wave in the electromagnetic field, generated by the electron's accelerated motion through the field. This energy wave reaches the slit barrier, where the slit geometry creates coherent waves that merge to form a constructive interference wave. This wave redistributes energy in the field, creating an Electron-EMF coupled pathway that guides the particle to the detector. The apparent randomness of individual impacts arises from incomplete knowledge of the initial conditions, not from intrinsic indeterminism. The measurement effect is modelled as a disturbance of the coherent energy waves, either preventing the formation of the coupled pathway or destroying it after formation. The model is extended to the quantum eraser experiment, where the restoration of coherence via a polarizer naturally explains the reappearance of interference. A further extension to the delayed-choice quantum eraser is proposed, introducing the Entangled Constructive Interference Wave (ECIW) as a physical mechanism for entanglement within the model. The mechanism is shown to apply across geometries beyond the double slit. Predictions include a correlation between landing position and flight time, offering a testable distinction from standard quantum mechanical interpretations. A preliminary, illustrative mathematical framework is provided, situating the model within the pilot-wave tradition. **Keywords: ** Double-slit experiment, pilot wave, electromagnetic field, quantum interpretation, determinism, hidden variables, measurement problem, energy wave, coupled pathway, quantum eraser, delayed-choice quantum eraser, entanglement.
Abstract: I propose a discrete-time ("frame-rate"/FPS) interpretation of quantum measurement where the universe updates in global, discrete ticks of duration Delta t. Within each tick, the global quantum state evolves unitarily and measurement outcomes are logged; joint probabilities are evaluated at the end of the tick. This reproduces standard quantum predictions for delayed-choice and quantum eraser experiments: single-detector (marginal) statistics remain non-interfering, while conditional coincidences display complementary interference patterns after erasing which-path information. No signaling or real retrocausation occurs; correlations are fixed by the global update that closes a tick. The framework becomes empirically distinct from standard quantum mechanics only if a finite tick Delta t* induces a small, distance- or delay-dependent reduction of interference visibility. I outline falsifiable consequences and a satellite-scale delayed-choice/eraser experiment.