One of the most used physical properties to implement quantum technology is the polarization of the light. However, since the polarization of the light is fragile, it is essential that a quantum error correction system is used to make quantum information feasible in the polarization of a photon. A method of correction of polarization proposed for isolated photons divides the channel into sub-channels in such a way that only the variation in those sub-channels destroys the information. Therefore, rapid changes must occur in the moment that two optical pulses pass through the sub-channel. This work analyses a statistical model that uses the degree of depolarization of the light as a probability for the sub-channel to undergo minute variations in the time between the passage of two pulses. To model the variations of the parameters of the channel, it is used the probabilistic method of Poisson, applied to rare events. An estimate can be done using numerical methods which measures the degree of polarization of the light to predict how would be the behavior in the practice of the quantum error correction system studied.
One of the most used physical properties to implement quantum technology is the polarization of the light. However, since the polarization of the light is fragile, it is essential that a quantum error correction system is used to make quantum information feasible in the polarization of a photon. A method of correction of polarization proposed for isolated photons divides the channel into sub-channels in such a way that only the variation in those sub-channels destroys the information. Therefore, rapid changes must occur in the moment that two optical pulses pass through the sub-channel. This work analyses a statistical model that uses the degree of depolarization of the light as a probability for the sub-channel to undergo minute variations in the time between the passage of two pulses. To model the variations of the parameters of the channel, it is used the probabilistic method of Poisson, applied to rare events. An estimate can be done using numerical methods which measures the degree of polarization of the light to predict how would be the behavior in the practice of the quantum error correction system studied.
In this dissertation, it is realized a study of light polarization and its applications in quantum communications. Initially, the mathematical tools needed for single-photon and coherent states polarization analyses are presented: coherence matrix, Stokes parameters and polarization degree. Following, using numerical simulations, it is presented the variation of the degree of polarization of a single-photon pulse during depolarizing channel propagation. At last, the result of an experiment using coherent states, aiming to measure the degree of polarization after propagation in 200 m optical fiber is presented. The experiment is useful for determination of the parameter of the qubit depolarizing channel model. Since light polarization is easily changed when environment fluctuations are present during fiber propagation, optical schemes able to correct unpredictable polarization changes are studied. Such schemes are employed for error correction in quantum communication systems. Based on already proposed error correction schemes, two new schemes are proposed, one for systems that employs polarization of singlephoton light, and other for systems that employs polarization of two-mode coherent states, being the first active, that is, requiring a control and synchronism protocol, while the second is passive. At last, it is realized a security analysis of a quantum key distribution system, employing the proposed error correction scheme, when the same is under Fuch-Peres-Brandt attack. It is shown that using the proposed error correction scheme the presence of an eavesdropper monitoring the quantum channel is more visible.
In this dissertation, it is realized a study of light polarization and its applications in quantum communications. Initially, the mathematical tools needed for single-photon and coherent states polarization analyses are presented: coherence matrix, Stokes parameters and polarization degree. Following, using numerical simulations, it is presented the variation of the degree of polarization of a single-photon pulse during depolarizing channel propagation. At last, the result of an experiment using coherent states, aiming to measure the degree of polarization after propagation in 200 m optical fiber is presented. The experiment is useful for determination of the parameter of the qubit depolarizing channel model. Since light polarization is easily changed when environment fluctuations are present during fiber propagation, optical schemes able to correct unpredictable polarization changes are studied. Such schemes are employed for error correction in quantum communication systems. Based on already proposed error correction schemes, two new schemes are proposed, one for systems that employs polarization of singlephoton light, and other for systems that employs polarization of two-mode coherent states, being the first active, that is, requiring a control and synchronism protocol, while the second is passive. At last, it is realized a security analysis of a quantum key distribution system, employing the proposed error correction scheme, when the same is under Fuch-Peres-Brandt attack. It is shown that using the proposed error correction scheme the presence of an eavesdropper monitoring the quantum channel is more visible.
One of the most promising physical properties for implementation of quantum technology is light polarization. However, since light polarization is a fragile property, the use of quantum error correction (QEC) is a crucial issue in order to make quantum information over optical network feasible. In this direction, this paper discusses optical setups for quantum error correction in quantum communication setups based on light polarization. In particular, we show how to use the QEC setup to provide error-free entanglement distribution and its use in an error-free probabilistic teleportation setup. Then, we discuss the performance of the error-correction setup in a very noisy channel. Finally, we show that the same QEC setup can also be used to correct bipartite of qubit states.
In quantum information processing, one of the most common methods to represent a qubit is by means of the polarization degree of freedom of a photon. Efficient methods to determine the photon polarization state are hence the fundamental tools in the studies of qubit systems. In fact, both theoretically optimal and practical polarization measurement schemes have been investigated extensively in the past two decades. These studies nevertheless focus on the situation when a definite number of photons are given and the results demonstrate the polarization estimation performance in terms of the mean fidelity [1, 2].
Single-photon sources are used in numerous quantum technologies, from sensing and imaging to communication, making the accurate modeling of their emissions essential. In this work, we propose a statistical framework for describing single-photon emission processes and implement estimators for the exponential distribution to quantify this phenomenon. Our approach provides a reliable method for estimating the radiative decay time, represented by the inverse rate parameter, which is crucial in quantum optics applications. We explore several statistical estimators, including maximum likelihood estimation, minimum-variance unbiased estimator, and best linear unbiased estimator. To validate our theoretical methods, we test the proposed estimators on experimental data, demonstrating their applicability in real-world settings. We also evaluate the performance of these estimators when dealing with censored data, a frequent limitation in photon emission experiments. The analysis allows us to track the performance of the proposed estimators as the amount of available data decreases, providing insights into their reliability for modeling single-photon emission events under limited resources.
One of the most promising physical properties for implementing quantum technology is light polarization. However, since light polarization is fragile, it is crucial to use quantum error correction in order to make quantum information over optical networks feasible. This paper performs a statistical analysis of a noiseless subsystem technique to correct errors on quantum information sent through light polarization. We discuss the performance of the noiseless subsystem scheme in a noisy channel using a two-dimensional random walk to represent the channel variation. Finally, we propose an expression to measure the efficiency of the analyzed setup using the degree of depolarization of the light.