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Routledge eBooks

Coherent Optical Transients of a System With Finite Spatial and Temporal Correlation

Eiichi Hanamura

Published Jan 6, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Phase relaxation effects of electronic excitations due to interaction with lattice vibrations are theoretically discussed in terms of Gaussian frequency modulation. Especially new phenomena which come from finite spatial and tem poral correlations are shown for photon echo, free induction decay and optical nutation.
DOI
10.4324/9781003760481-28

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Physical Review A•Oct 1, 1990•16 citations
Several nonlinear optical phenomena are described exactly for two-level electronic systems with a Gaussian frequency modulation under a pump field of arbitrary strength. We discuss the emission spectrum and the absorption spectrum of weak probe field under pumping in the frequency region, and the free induction decay (FID) and the optical nutation (ON) as examples of the coherent optical transients in the time region. It is shown that the relaxation behavior depends upon the pumping field intensity, i.e., the effect of the frequency modulations is reduced when the Rabi frequency increases beyond the amplitude or the inverse correlation time of the frequency modulation. We further show that the relaxation behavior depends upon the particular nonlinear optical phenomena, i.e., the vertex correction due to the frequency modulation works in the FID but does not in the ON.
Photon echo and free induction decay, i.e., representative coherent optical transients, are described for two level system whose transition frequency is modulated by the Gaussian-Markoffian process. Photon echo signal is shown to decay biexponentially and to be effective in fixing the magnitude and the correlation time of the frequency modulation. Then we present the transition of the free induction decay rate against laser intensity from the Bloch type at the weak laser field into the Redfield one at the strong laser field.
When an intense and short laser pulse or a fast-switching-on/off laser field interacts with a resonant absorbing medium, several optical coherent transient effects can be observed, including the self-induced transparency effect, photon echo effect, optical nutation effect, and the optical free induction decay effect. The study of these effects enables us to gain a deeper understanding of the coherent transient interaction of an intense pulsed or rapidly switched optical field with the resonant medium, and to measure the magnitude of the dipole-moment matrix elements, relaxation parameters, and spectral broadening mechanisms of the investigated materials. On the other hand, these optical coherent transient effects can also be applied for developing special techniques of optical pulse delay, pulse reshaping, and optical pulse manipulation.
A theoretical investigation is made of the coherent optical transient phenomena produced by the phase switching method in degenerate gaseous systems in the case of arbitrary detuning. The effect of the light wave polarisation on optical nutation and free induction is studied. Echo manifestations in the form of edge echoes, nutation echoes and induction echoes that accompany light wave phase switching are established to differ from the previously studied ones. Spectroscopic applications of the results obtained are discussed.
Abstract Chapter 4 treats the three most important coherent optical transient phenomena using primarily the Bloch vector model. One section is devoted to each effect: nutation, free induction decay, and the photon echo. Through this, the idea that steady-state response to light develops slowly, on a timescale set by inertia in the atom–field interaction, is introduced. Nutation is considered both with and without damping. In the last section, three possible approaches to describing the photon echo are briefly compared to gain perspective on the advantages and disadvantages of algebraic echo analysis, rotation matrix multiplication, or density matrix methodology. By the end of this chapter the reader is prepared for the remaining chapters in which the density matrix approach is used exclusively to calculate the effects of light on a wide variety of systems.
A consistent explanation of recent studies by Szabo and Muramoto [Phys. Rev. A 39, 3992 (1989); 38, 5928 (1988)] on the experimental test of modified optical Bloch equations is presented. It is shown that the observed peculiarities of optical transients in solids are connected with the mechanism of relaxation in systems with slow stochastic modulation. A theory of laser-modified relaxation and analysis of free induction decay (FID), hole burning, and rotary echo (RE) in such systems are presented. The universal character of the FID time dependence and field-independent RE decay is predicted.