Conventional Asymmetrical RSA and ECC chord cryptosystems have the horns of a dilemma due to the advent of quantum computers. In this paper, we introduce PQ-Lattice-a decentralized lattice-based postquantum authenticated key exchange protocol for IoT. The protocol uses CRYSTALS-Kyber for key encapsulationand CRYSTALS-Dilithium for digital signatures in a blockchain empowered identity management framework providing decentralization, mutual authentication and fine grained revocation without the dependence on trusted authority. Extensive performance evaluation on an ARM Cortex-M4 device shows that PQ-Lattice has the average computation time of 32.4 ms, communication overhead of 3.5 KB andstorage cost of 44 KB, which consumes around 28 mJ for a single authentication round. This result has demonstrated the feasibility in terms of power consumption for the constrained IoT nodes compared with traditional ECC and RSA, where latency is reduced up to 45% while energy efficiency increases by 47%. Security proof under the hardness of Module-LWE is given showing resilience against classical, as well asquantum attacks (replay, impersonation and Sybil). The presented PQ-Lattice architecture is therefore an efficient (in terms of scalability, and energy consumption) quantum-resilient authentication answer tailored to the next generation IoT platform.
Conventional Asymmetrical RSA and ECC chord cryptosystems have the horns of a dilemma due to the advent of quantum computers. In this paper, we introduce PQ-Lattice-a decentralized lattice-based postquantum authenticated key exchange protocol for IoT. The protocol uses CRYSTALS-Kyber for key encapsulationand CRYSTALS-Dilithium for digital signatures in a blockchain empowered identity management framework providing decentralization, mutual authentication and fine grained revocation without the dependence on trusted authority. Extensive performance evaluation on an ARM Cortex-M4 device shows that PQ-Lattice has the average computation time of 32.4 ms, communication overhead of 3.5 KB andstorage cost of 44 KB, which consumes around 28 mJ for a single authentication round. This result has demonstrated the feasibility in terms of power consumption for the constrained IoT nodes compared with traditional ECC and RSA, where latency is reduced up to 45% while energy efficiency increases by 47%. Security proof under the hardness of Module-LWE is given showing resilience against classical, as well asquantum attacks (replay, impersonation and Sybil). The presented PQ-Lattice architecture is therefore an efficient (in terms of scalability, and energy consumption) quantum-resilient authentication answer tailored to the next generation IoT platform.
The rapid proliferation of IoT technology has brought billions of devices into play that need to operate in a variety of diverse, resource-constrained environments. Secure authentication among these devices is a critical challenge, as traditional certificate-based public key infrastructures incur heavy computation and management overhead. Moreover, recent breakthroughs in quantum computing put at risk the security of classical cryptographic algorithms commonly used in IoT systems. This paper proposes a post-quantum certificateless authentication framework designed to address the efficiency-long-term security requirements of IoT environments. The proposed framework uses lattice-based cryptography to resist quantum-enabled adversaries while eliminating the need for digital certificates. The certificateless approach evades the problem of key escrow of identity-based cryptography and simplifies the key management process. A lightweight authentication protocol, which is suitable for constrained IoT devices, is developed. Security analyses prove that our proposed framework resists common attacks such as impersonation, replay, and man-in-the-middle attacks. The performance evaluation shows that our proposed framework reduces the communication and computational overheads compared with the traditional certificatebased authentication schemes. In this way, it is appropriate for large-scale and futureproof deployments of IoT systems.
The growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has driven the evolution of smart cities that enable enhanced efficiency, sustainability, and citizen well-being. This chapter provides an in-depth strategy for the development and integration of lightweight post-quantum cryptography (PQC)-based protocols, especially for IoT devices within secure city infrastructures. The suggested architecture combines lattice-based key exchange (CRYSTALS-Kyber), lattice-based digital signatures (CRYSTALS-Dilithium), Grover-resistant symmetric encryption, and AI-powered intrusion detection. Key compression, signature aggregation, and adaptive security configurations are the added protocol improvements. This approach involves risk analysis, modeling, and performance evaluation (latency, energy, bandwidth, packet loss) and is significantly advanced over legacy RSA/ECC models, offering quantum-resilient security with efficiency for large-scale IoT networks.
The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems has introduced significant security challenges due to resource-constrained devices, heterogeneous network architectures, and largescale connectivity. Traditional authentication and key exchange mechanisms, primarily based on classical cryptographic algorithms such as RSA and ECC, are vulnerable to future quantum computing attacks. The emergence of quantum algorithms, particularly Shor’s algorithm, threatens the long-term confidentiality and integrity of IoT communications. This paper proposes a Quantum-Resistant Authentication and Key Exchange Protocol specifically designed for secure IoT architectures. The proposed framework integrates post-quantum cryptographic primitives, including lattice-based key exchange mechanisms and hash-based authentication schemes, optimized for low computational overhead suitable for constrained IoT devices. The protocol ensures mutual authentication, forward secrecy, and resistance against quantum adversaries while maintaining minimal communication latency. Security analysis demonstrates robustness against replay, man-in-the-middle, and key-compromise attacks. Performance evaluation shows that the proposed solution achieves a balance between quantum security strength and resource efficiency, making it suitable for next-generation IoT deployments in smart cities, healthcare systems, and industrial automation.
Currently available cryptographic algorithms such as the RSA, Diffie-Hellman and the ECC are used in securing most Internet communications across the Internet. Theoretical quantum algorithms (and the Shor algorithm in particular) were demonstrated to be able to efficiently break that type of classical cryptography as soon as large-scale quantum computers are developed. To handle this new emerging security problem, PQC has been proposed as a class of cryptographic algorithms that is resistant to both quantum and classical attackers. It is a research paper offering and experimentally implementing a hybrid PQC-TLS protocol in a heterogeneous network architecture which includes edge computing devices and cloud computing and IoT devices. The suggested architecture integrates both lattice-based CRYSTALS-Kyber key encapsulation scheme and CRYSTALS-Dilithium digital signature scheme in the TLS 1.3 handshake without being interoperable with the older ECC-based key exchange schemes. Five measures of performance that included handshake latency, CPU consumption, memory consumption, bandwidth overhead and energy consumption were analyzed in detail through experimentation. The experiments were conducted using in Iot, edge and cloud nodes under controlled conditions that were repeated a number of times to give reliability in the statistics. The results indicate that the integration of PQC has moderate overhead (mean increase in latency about 1517) and decent computational and energy requirements. Another method of resisting popular attacks on networks like as the man in the middle, replay, and downgrade attacks, is security validation. The findings indicate that quantum resilient secure communication migration to a heterogeneous distributed infrastructure can be practically and scalably provided using hybrid PQC-TLS protocols. Statistical analysis including standard deviation and 95% confidence intervals was performed to validate the reliability of the results.
Advances in the field of interconnected consumer and IoT devices have highlighted the vulnerabilities of conventional cryptography to quantum computing. This paper presents a new hybrid model of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) that provides a high level of assurance in the edge-IoT ecosystems. The model being proposed combines lattice-based methods, i.e., Kyber-786 and Dilithium-III, and an AES-GCM layer model. Moreover, a trust and key negotiation mathematical analysis brings to fore the resistance of classical and quantum attackers with module-LWE and ring-LWE assumptions. The Python-based simulation proves that the suggested method increases the throughput by 18.6% and reduces the latency by 22.4% in comparison to the conventional methods. Also, there is a reduction of energy consumption by 41.7% with the use of a hybrid design caused by the hardware-accelerated two-polynomial operations and an optimized offloading. The analysis has shown that the proposed solution satisfies the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity with less than 7.3 ms overhead per transaction, and PQC can be used in IoT and consumer settings without compromising responsiveness and energy consumption.
Quantum computing poses a serious threat to traditional cryptography, with algorithms like RSA and ECC being vulnerable to attacks such as Shor’s algorithm. To address this, we propose a Post-Quantum Secure Chat Application using lattice-based cryptography, specifically CRYSTALS-Kyber for key exchange and CRYSTALS-Dilithium for digital signatures. The system provides end-to-end encryption with forward secrecy, ensuring message confidentiality, authenticity, and integrity. Mathematical formulations of key encapsulation, encryption, and signature verification are presented, alongside performance benchmarks. Experimental results show that the application achieves practical latency and throughput on real devices while resisting quantum attacks. This work demonstrates that integrating post-quantum algorithms into messaging platforms is both feasible and essential for secure future communication.