Quantum Machine Learning: Merging Quantum and AI

Arshdeep, Konika Rani, Karanpreet Singh +3 more

Machine learning, a subset of AI is moving algorithms in the system which can be learned by data and not programmed explicitly. Various applications of AI across professionals like finance, health-care and automation. With the advancements in Machine Learning, Quantum Machine Learning (QML) or more concretely integrating quantum mechanics into classical machine learning tasks is emerging since QM provides some of the principles to increase efficiency from computational benchmarks. From the most used types of machine learning and algorithms to quantum its usage and applications in Quantum Machine Learning (QML) this paper covers everything. We then articulate some benefits and difficulties of merging quantum computing with machine learning, as well the real-life applications across industry backbones.

A. S. Wilson

Tarun Kumar Vashishth, Vikas Sharma, Kewal Krishan Sharma +1 more

Quantum machine learning (QML) is an emerging interdisciplinary field that combines the principles of quantum mechanics with machine learning algorithms, offering promising solutions to complex computational problems. This paper provides an extensive introduction to quantum machine learning, exploring the synergies between artificial intelligence and quantum technology. It begins by elucidating the foundational concepts of quantum computing, including quantum bits (qubits), quantum gates, superposition, and entanglement. Subsequently, the paper delves into the basic principles of machine learning and the challenges faced by classical methods in handling large-scale data and solving computationally intensive tasks. With a strong foundation in place, the focus shifts towards the integration of quantum mechanics with machine learning, showcasing the advantages and potential breakthroughs QML offers over classical approaches. The exploration of quantum algorithms for machine learning, such as quantum support vector machines (QSVM), quantum neural networks (QNN), and quantum variational algorithms, reveals the power of quantum-enhanced techniques in data classification, regression, and clustering.

Leonard Wossnig, Simone Severini B

Eslam Ashraf Elhadidi, Ahmad Salah

The field of Quantum Artificial Intelligence (Quantum AI) has emerged as a promising interdisciplinary research area where the computational power of quantum computing is merged with the learning and decision-making power of AI. The application of quantum principles such as superposition, entanglement and quantum interference to machine learning algorithms has created new possibilities for solving problems that may be difficult to solve by classical machines. In the last few years, advances in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices have helped to speed advances in Quantum Machine Learning (QML) algorithms, Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs), Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVMs), Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks (QCNNs) and hybrid learning algorithms. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the research in the field of Quantum AI from 2020 to 2026, covering the key concepts, novel architectures, algorithmic advancements, and practical applications. A critical assessment of the application of Quantum AI in fields such as healthcare, finance, cybersecurity, scientific computing and optimization problems is provided, and the benefits of quantum-enhanced learning models are discussed. In addition, common difficulties such as quantum hardware limitations, sensitivity to noise, encoding of data, scalability constraints and a lack of speed in training variational quantum circuits are discussed. The review also covers new avenues of research, including trustworthy quantum machine learning, explainable Quantum AI, quantum federated learning, and fault-tolerant quantum computing. The results suggest while practical large-scale deployment is currently limited by existing hardware capabilities, hybrid quantum-classical systems have great potential to rapidly move intelligent data processing and develop next-generation AI systems.