This paper presents a theory of quantum interference based on Time-Scale Dynamics, aiming to explain the essence of phenomena such as the double-slit experiment from first principles. The core physical picture is that interference is not an inherent property of waves, nor an effect of consciousness, but a structural consequence of whether different evolutionary paths still share the same intrinsic time scale τ. The theory is built upon the fundamental "stability-activity" contradiction (S \times A \geq C_d) and the resulting spontaneous time-scale differentiation of systems (\tau-clustering). We demonstrate that when two (or more) evolutionary paths have equal \tau values, their statistical weights form a superimposable structure, manifesting as interference fringes. Measurement (or any structural coupling) essentially introduces \tau-splitting, destroying time-structural equivalence and causing interference to vanish. The theory naturally derives the Born rule, explains the necessity of three-dimensional space, and unifies concepts such as quantum interference, wavefunction collapse, and decoherence as statistical manifestations of time-scale structures. Complete Python implementations are provided, supporting computational verification of all conclusions. Keywords: time scale; quantum interference; \tau-structure; Born rule; three-dimensional space; emergent symmetry
This paper presents a theory of quantum interference based on Time-Scale Dynamics, aiming to explain the essence of phenomena such as the double-slit experiment from first principles. The core physical picture is that interference is not an inherent property of waves, nor an effect of consciousness, but a structural consequence of whether different evolutionary paths still share the same intrinsic time scale τ. The theory is built upon the fundamental "stability-activity" contradiction (S \times A \geq C_d) and the resulting spontaneous time-scale differentiation of systems (\tau-clustering). We demonstrate that when two (or more) evolutionary paths have equal \tau values, their statistical weights form a superimposable structure, manifesting as interference fringes. Measurement (or any structural coupling) essentially introduces \tau-splitting, destroying time-structural equivalence and causing interference to vanish. The theory naturally derives the Born rule, explains the necessity of three-dimensional space, and unifies concepts such as quantum interference, wavefunction collapse, and decoherence as statistical manifestations of time-scale structures. Complete Python implementations are provided, supporting computational verification of all conclusions. Keywords: time scale; quantum interference; \tau-structure; Born rule; three-dimensional space; emergent symmetry
The double-slit interference experiment serves as a fundamental experiment in quantum mechanics. Core theories including wave-particle duality, quantum superposition and measurement collapse are established on the basis of this phenomenon. The mainstream Copenhagen interpretation and Bohmian pilot-wave theory rely heavily on mathematical statistical fitting to interpret experimental outcomes, yet they fail to reveal the real physical evolution mechanism of photons at the microscale. Moreover, they inherently suffer from symmetry breaking, causal discontinuity and logical inconsistency. The symmetry-breaking analogy widely adopted in academic circles contains dimensional mismatch and conceptual substitution, representing a cognitive bias that places mathematical tools above physical mechanisms. Based on the symmetry principle of classical physics and the rule of continuous causal evolution, this paper systematically identifies the core defects of mainstream quantum interpretations and points out the paradigm limitation of quantum mechanics that prioritizes mathematical fitting over physical ontology. A spatial particle resonance propagation model is proposed. This model explains that photons are essentially the resonance manifestation of space particles. When resonance passes through double slits, the resonance body splits symmetrically, and then recombines after passing through the slits to form interference. Measurement will break the symmetry of resonance, resulting in the disappearance of interference fringes. This model maintains continuous causality and geometric symmetry, and provides a new physical mechanism explanation for quantum uncertainty and measurement effects in double-slit experiments.
We present complex-time (CT) theory, a framework in which the fundamental structures of quantum mechanics are derived from three physical postulates concerning the internal structure of time. The postulates are: (P1) physical time possesses two orthogonal components — past-fixed (pf), representing actualized, irreversible records, and future-pending (fp), representing physically real but undetermined possibilities; (P2) pf and fp are orthogonal (pf fp); and (P3) the total temporal magnitude is conserved (pf + fp = 1). From these three postulates alone, we show that: (i) the state space is the unit circle and the dynamical group is , so that the imaginary unit arises as the unique generator of temporal evolution — not as a mathematical convenience but as a consequence of temporal geometry; (ii) the Schrödinger equation follows from the identification of energy with the rate of phase rotation in the pf–fp plane, with the Planck constant playing the role of a natural constant intrinsic to the pf/fp structure; (iii) the de Broglie–Einstein relation holds universally — for massive and massless particles alike — because the wave structure belongs to time itself, not to any particular particle; (iv) the uncertainty principle is a geometric consequence of the impossibility of fully eliminating fp while preserving ; (v) the complex structure of Hilbert space, the inner product, and the Born rule all follow from the geometry of fp pf projection; and (vi) energy quantization emerges from a “real-axis sampling” rule without imposing discreteness on the underlying dynamics. We further show that the CT framework provides unified descriptions of double-slit interference, quantum tunneling, unstable-state decay widths, and the structural origin of the arrow of time. Preliminary experimental predictions for quantum-circuit observables are stated, and applications to cosmological dark-energy phenomenology, galaxy rotation curves, and Lorentzian path-integral contour selection are outlined with references to dedicated companion papers. The central thesis is that quantum mechanics is not a theory of particles with mysterious wave-like properties, but a consequence of the internal structure of time — time whose wave-like phase (fp) is projected, irreversibly and discretely, onto the real axis (pf) in every act of measurement. Keywords: complex time; temporal structure; imaginary unit; quantum mechanics derivation; past-fixed / future-pending decomposition; Born rule; energy quantization; measurement; irreversibility; arrow of time
This paper presents a variational framework for deriving classical mechanics without presupposing time as fundamental. Motion emerges from extremal principles on configuration-space paths, with time appearing as a derived parameter describing ordered structural change. The framework extends naturally to quantum phenomena: quantum teleportation, double-slit interference, wavefunction collapse, and delayed-choice quantum eraser all emerge as geometric consequences of configuration-space structure and recordability constraints on mutual information. No wavefunction collapse, measurement postulate, or retrocausality required - four major quantum “mysteries” reduce to a single mechanism. The work was developed using AI-assisted methodology (ChatGPT for formalization, Claude for review) and represents a novel approach to foundational physics research
Abstract This article presents a revised and conceptually refined formulation of a previously proposed Temporal Interpretation of quantum measurement, explicitly addressing the physical nature of wavefunction collapse. While the original proposal emphasised relativistic aspects of momentum superpositions, the present work clarifies the interpretation within the standard formalism of quantum mechanics, without introducing new dynamics or experimental predictions. Unitary evolution is read as a process of differentiated phase accumulation between branches of a quantum state. In relativistic contexts, phase differentials can be structurally related to effective proper-time differentials, allowing the introduction of a notion of temporal compatibility that provides a physically grounded account of decoherence. When such differentials exceed a characteristic scale, interference between branches becomes operationally inaccessible, while global unitarity is preserved. The observer is treated as a physical system endowed with an irreversible proper time associated with macroscopic, entropic dynamics. Within this framework, collapse is explained as an emergent physical phenomenon arising from the irreversibility of the observer’s proper time, which prevents the reconstruction of phase coherence after an interaction. Collapse is therefore neither a fundamental dynamical mechanism nor an objective event in space-time, but a necessary consequence of temporal irreversibility in physical observers. This formulation sharpens the distinction between decoherence and collapse, preserves full consistency with the Born rule, and positions the Temporal Interpretation as a competing interpretative framework that provides a concrete physical explanation for the quantum–classical transition, improving and clarifying the original proposal. This version clarifies the operational status of the interaction time, refines Sections 5.3 and 5.4, and standardises references and editorial structure. No changes to the formalism or conclusions.
I propose the Layered Temporal Convergence Theory (LTCT): a reframing of quantum interferencewhere the relevant superposition spans not only spatial alternatives but also time-like branches (temporallayers). In LTCT a quantum system explores multiple temporal micro-histories during unitary evolution;measurement corresponds to fixing one time-labelled branch by creating records that decohere crosstemporal amplitudes. Standard double-slit, delayed-choice/eraser, time-bin interferometry, and indefinitecausal order effects are read as interference among temporal branches, not merely paths in space. Themodel remains inside orthodox quantum mechanics (path integrals / POVMs / unitary dynamics) yetelevates temporal coherence to a first-class operational resource. I sketch minimal formalism, definea resource measure for time-like coherence, and outline experiments (time-bin “temporal double-slit”,quantum switch with time control, and gravity-induced proper-time shifts) that could sharpen, quantify,and exploit cross-temporal interference in realistic devices
This paper presents a complete emergent theory on the origin of symmetry and quan-tum mechanics. Starting from first principles, we construct a mathematical model basedon time-scale dynamics, demonstrating that gauge symmetry and quantum structures canspontaneously emerge from classical optimization constraints. The core discovery is a fun-damental uncertainty relation: S × A ≥ Cd, where S represents structural stability, Arepresents update activity, and Cd is a dimension-dependent constant (Cd ∝ d1.435). Thisconstraint forces systems to differentiate into specialized entities with different time scales,forming τ -clusters. Within high time-scale (frozen) clusters, interaction matrices sponta-neously evolve into antisymmetric forms (Rij ≈ −RTji), naturally constituting the generatorsof Lie algebras. Through complete numerical simulations, we verify that from these emer-gent antisymmetric matrices, one can construct Hermitian Hamiltonians, observe discreteenergy spectra, and establish approximate commutation relations. This indicates that themathematical structures of quantum mechanics are not fundamental assumptions but rathermathematical representations of optimal steady states achieved by complex systems throughtime-scale coordination under the fundamental ”stability-activity” contradiction. This paperprovides complete Python implementations, making all results independently reproducible.Keywords: time scale, emergent symmetry, quantum origin, Lie algebra, uncertaintyrelation, τ -clustering