Quantum Theory (Bohr, Schroedinger, Heisenberg)

Arkady Plotnitsky

M. V. Lokajíček, V. Kundrát, J Procházka

The assumptions added by Bohr and concerning the Hilbert space (formed by all solutions of Schroedinger equation) changed fundamentally the original physical interpretation of these solutions proposed earlier by Schroedinger. This new alternative was refused by Einstein on the basis of the EPR Gedankenexperiment, but accepted fully for microscopic reality by scientific community. Both the quantum alternatives were discussed, however, again later. Bell tried to find a possibility how to decide between them; he generalized Einstein's Gedankenexperiment assuming that also spins of two detected particles would be measured. He derived then some inequality for a special combination of four coincidence probabilities, and it was commonly assumed that his inequality held for the original Schroedinger interpretation but not in Bohr's Copenhagen quantum mechanics; without any actual proof having been given. Corresponding experiments were proposed and finished in 1982. The violation of Bell's inequality was then interpreted as decisive victory of Bohr's theory. However, it will be shown that Bell's inequality has been interpreted mistakenly. It has been based always on some assumption that does not hold in any probabilistic theory (i.e., in the given spin experiment) but only in deterministic classical theory. There is not any argument for preferring the Copenhagen quantum mechanics and against Einstein's critical standpoint. Some other consequences will be mentioned, too.

Markus Kleber

Salvo D’Agostino

In his paper on the Cat’s uncertain situation between life and death, S. intended to criticize the Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and, conversely, to assert the consistency of his own wavelike view of the theory. His ideas contrasted with Heisenberg and Bohr’s positions, but also with Einstein’s attempt at a classically statistical interpretation of a quantum theory. His criticism therefore did not intend to discredit the whole Quantum Mechanics. In the fifties, he proposed a second quantization approach to a many particles state of the theory, which included his New Statistics. He asserted that the new approach modified some aspects of his famous 1926 equations. In my paper, I argue that S.’s new ideas in the fifties are related to his 1920 and 1926 contributions on rarified gas theory.

Johann Götschl

E. Schroedinger - a bibliographical sketch. Part 1 Physics in the philosophical system of Erwin Schroedinger: Erwin Schroedinger and the philosophy of the physicists holistic aspects of the Schrodinger equation Schroedinger's cat and the interpretation of quantum mechanics the Schroedinger function of macroscopic systems. Part 2 Life sciences and the theories of self in Erwin Schroedinger's philosophical system: Schroedinger's negentropy concept and biology determination and self-organization - Erwin Schroedinger's views on chance Schroedinger, the self and the genes Erwin Schroedinger and his contribution to a new understanding of living systems. Part 3 Erwin Schroedinger's world view and his philosophical system: on the scientific and humanistic thinking of Erwin Schroedinger during his last years Erwin Schroedinger as historian - notes towards an interpretation Erwin Schroedinger's position in the Einstein-Bohr debate the notion of consciousness in Schroedinger's philosophy of nature remembering Schroedinger the study of nature and the emergence of world view - philosophical reflections on E. Schreodinger's approach.

Chengxin Pan (13063875)

Quantum theory