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IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Efficient and Secure-Enhanced Anonymous Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for the Internet of Things

Shunfang Hu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Liangyin Chen, Yanru Chen

Published Dec 29, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/jiot.2025.3649232

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In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has gained immense popularity in various aspects of work, learning, and daily life. Within the IoT realm, there is a growing concern regarding communication security issues between users and servers. However, addressing the communication security between servers is equally imperative, which has not received as much attention. To this end, we propose a certificateless anonymous authenticated key agreement (AKA) algorithm based on learning with errors (LWEs) and inhomogeneous small integer solution (ISIS) security assumptions. Our scheme provides strong resistance to quantum attacks and protects the privacy of communication servers. It also has constant communication costs and lower computational requirements than existing lattice-based anonymous AKA algorithms on the broadcast channel. Additionally, the proposed scheme eliminates the resource consumption of managing complex certificates and addresses the security risks associated with key escrow in the key generation center (KGC). Through security and performance analysis, we demonstrate that our approach can enhance the security of IoT-based healthcare systems while significantly improving communication efficiency. Our proposed scheme provides a promising solution to security issues related to server communication in IoT systems.
Device to device (D2D) communication is a peer-to-peer communication mechanism between devices without intermediate nodes. In view of the different application scenarios, the security requirements of D2D communication are also very different. Nevertheless, most secure D2D communications emphasize the importance of device privacy protection and efficiency. D2D communication is a challenging task of the Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios and designing an efficient and anonymous authentication scheme for the IoT D2D authentication is crucial to the application of the IoT. At this stage, although D2D communication in the IoT scenario has received widespread attention, some existing schemes cannot meet the requirements of efficiency and privacy protection. In view of this, a secure and efficient D2D anonymous authentication key agreement scheme is proposed based on identity-based cryptography. To illustrate the security of the scheme, we show the informal security analysis and the formal verification by the analysis tool Tamarin. The verification results show that the scheme is secure.
By utilizing the sensing and perception capabilities of various devices, the Internet of Things (IoT) enables more precise awareness of the real world, thereby enhancing management and resource utilization efficiency. However, due to their open deployment environments and frequent message exchanges, IoT endpoints are highly vulnerable to a wide range of security threats and privacy breaches, including forgery, data theft, and information leakage. Therefore, to address these challenges and ensure device legitimacy verification and secure data exchange among IoT devices, we propose a privacy-preserving and traceable certificateless anonymous mutual authentication scheme (PPT-CLAMA). PPT-CLAMA not only eliminates the need for a secure channel during key generation but also prevents attackers from tracing the real identity of devices through their own identity or public keys while providing pseudonym and anonymous authentication to devices, demonstrating greater practicality. Furthermore, through security proofs and analysis, PPT-CLAMA satisfies various high-level security properties, including mutual authentication, key agreement, nonrepudiation, unlinkability, perfect forward secrecy, known session-specific temporary information security, traceability, anonymity, and privacy preservation. The simulation results indicate that, compared to authentication and key agreement schemes, PPT-CLAMA reduces the average computational overhead and average communication overhead during the authentication process by 6.73% and 3.31%, respectively, demonstrating higher computational and communication efficiency.