Quantum-optical communication systems offer a high data rate with unmatched security aspects. This paper presents a novel approach to implement the superdense coding technique using Chua’s oscillator in a quantum-optical channel environment. To enhance the encoding process, the chaotic behaviour of Chua’s oscillator is utilized. The high data transmission rate is maintained while the resistance against the eavesdropping attempts has been increased due to the principle of quantum mechanics. In comparison to the classical channel, the double speed data rate in the quantum-optical channel will be achieved due to the quantum entanglement-enabled model. In this, two informative classical bits are sent with a single photon. The realization of the proposed model is performed on Qiskit simulator. The noise analysis of the proposed quantum circuit is discussed in detail, along with fidelity and decoherence measures. The security aspect and computational & hardware complexity are also analyzed. This work contributes to the advancement of secure quantum communications to help in the design of next-generation cryptographic systems.
Quantum-optical communication systems offer a high data rate with unmatched security aspects. This paper presents a novel approach to implement the superdense coding technique using Chua’s oscillator in a quantum-optical channel environment. To enhance the encoding process, the chaotic behaviour of Chua’s oscillator is utilized. The high data transmission rate is maintained while the resistance against the eavesdropping attempts has been increased due to the principle of quantum mechanics. In comparison to the classical channel, the double speed data rate in the quantum-optical channel will be achieved due to the quantum entanglement-enabled model. In this, two informative classical bits are sent with a single photon. The realization of the proposed model is performed on Qiskit simulator. The noise analysis of the proposed quantum circuit is discussed in detail, along with fidelity and decoherence measures. The security aspect and computational & hardware complexity are also analyzed. This work contributes to the advancement of secure quantum communications to help in the design of next-generation cryptographic systems.
In quantum information theory, superdense coding allows two network entities to exchange two classical bits via a quantum channel using a single quantum bit (qubit) transmission, provided they have pre-shared an entangled qubit. An attacker intercepting the qubit during transmission cannot extract meaningful data without the other entangled qubit from the pair. However, an attacker can disrupt the communication by introducing its own qubit to the receiver. To enhance the security of superdense coding, we propose an authentication mechanism through a classical communication channel.
The aim of the research is the mathematical analysis of quantum superdense coding based on quantum entanglement to increase the efficiency and reliability of information transmission in quantum communication systems. The essence of quantum superdense coding is the ability to transmit two classical bits of information using one qubit, which is part of an entangled pair. The fundamental principles of the superdense quantum coding method are considered. The relevance of the research in the context of the development of secure quantum communications and optimization of information transmission in quantum networks is substantiated. A review of modern scientific publications devoted to the theoretical principles of superdense coding is conducted, which indicate the development potential and practical prospects of this direction of quantum informatics. The analysis of mathematical modeling of quantum superdense encoding and decoding is performed using two alternative approaches – projective measurement in the Bell basis and the inverse Bell transform. It is shown that both approaches allow for the complete recovery of classical information transmitted using entangled quantum states. The advantage of the inverse Bell transform is the simplicity of implementation on quantum devices, the flexibility and accuracy of information processing, and the possibility of scaling, which makes it a reasonable choice in many practical applications. The influence of noise and decoherence on the efficiency of superdense coding has been studied, which is a critical factor in the practical implementation of this method in real quantum systems. A mathematical model of data transmission through a quantum channel under the action of additive white noise has been constructed. An analytical dependence of the probability of correct information recovery on the noise level has been established, which allows us to estimate the limits of reliability of superdense coding in noisy environments. Based on the research, the prospects for the practical application of superdense coding in quantum communication networks, in particular the quantum Internet, as well as in quantum computing and information security systems, have been outlined. The results obtained contribute to the further development of quantum technologies and can be used to create new protocols for highly efficient quantum data transmission.
Abstract The superdense coding protocol is essential for quantum communication, allowing more efficient data transmission. This protocol facilitates the transfer of two bits of classical information using just one qubit by leveraging a pre-existing pair of Bell states. To achieve this capability, traditional implementations of superdense coding depend on entangled states, such as Bell states. This paper introduces a novel circuit that utilizes Bell diagonal states to implement the superdense coding protocol. We provide detailed instructions for the procedure using IBM’s Quantum Computing Lab, enabling practical applications in real-world contexts. Furthermore, the paper highlights the security features of this protocol, emphasizing its significance for secure communication in quantum networks. The combination of efficiency and security represents a notable advancement in quantum information science. We implemented and tested the proposed superdense coding circuit on the IBM Q quantum computing platform using Qiskit. Through extensive simulations on IBM’s Statevector and QASM simulators, we assessed the performance of the circuit based on Bell diagonal states (BDS)in terms of accuracy, noise resilience, and resource efficiency. Our findings indicate that, while Bell diagonal states pose challenges related to noise and decoherence, they also provide potential advantages in reducing qubit usage and enhancing error correction. This research contributes to the exploration of alternative techniques for superdense coding, which may have applications in quantum communication and future quantum networks. However, additional theoretical and experimental investigations are necessary to fully evaluate the scalability and practicality of this approach.
The increasing reliance on optical communication networks for high-speed data transmission has amplified concerns regarding secure information exchange in the era of quantum computing. Classical cryptographic protocols such as RSA and ECC, though widely deployed, are vulnerable to attacks from large-scale quantum computers executing Shor�s algorithm. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has emerged as a revolutionary cryptographic paradigm that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to enable theoretically unbreakable key exchange. This paper investigates the integration of QKD into optical communication networks, focusing on protocol design, implementation challenges, and potential scalability. Through scenario-based evaluation, the study highlights the trade-offs between quantum security and practical deployment constraints such as channel loss, photon detector efficiency, and key generation rates. Results from simulated models demonstrate that while QKD can achieve provable security in metropolitan-area networks, long-distance transmission requires advanced techniques such as quantum repeaters and trusted nodes. This work concludes that QKD offers a promising pathway toward quantum-safe communication but necessitates advancements in hardware, standardization, and hybrid cryptographic strategies for widespread adoption.
The increasing reliance on optical communication networks for high-speed data transmission has amplified concerns regarding secure information exchange in the era of quantum computing. Classical cryptographic protocols such as RSA and ECC, though widely deployed, are vulnerable to attacks from large-scale quantum computers executing Shor’s algorithm. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has emerged as a revolutionary cryptographic paradigm that leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to enable theoretically unbreakable key exchange. This paper investigates the integration of QKD into optical communication networks, focusing on protocol design, implementation challenges, and potential scalability. Through scenario-based evaluation, the study highlights the trade-offs between quantum security and practical deployment constraints such as channel loss, photon detector efficiency, and key generation rates. Results from simulated models demonstrate that while QKD can achieve provable security in metropolitan-area networks, long-distance transmission requires advanced techniques such as quantum repeaters and trusted nodes. This work concludes that QKD offers a promising pathway toward quantum-safe communication but necessitates
By use of simulation, qualitative validation, and mathematical modelling, the paper studies the role of quantum entanglement as a means of secure communication system. To gauge their eavesdropping defence, pairs of entangled photons were modelled according to the density matrix approach, and simulated at different noise intensities and channel lengths. Quantum bit error rate (QBER), mutual information rate plots between legitimate users and eavesdropper, Bell inequality violation as a demonstration of genuine entanglement were some very important indicators of performance. An examination of this showed Monte Carlo simulation indicated that (QBER) was lower than the parameter required to secure an adequate method of distributing keys, and that mutual information favoured a legitimate channel. The results have shown that transmission security can also be achieved in practical settings with the theoretical criterion I(A;B)I(A;B) > I(A;E) being true. The entanglement-based system practical solutions and their viability and socio-ethical implications were emphasized, which added more corroborative evidence through qualitative expert reviews. A critical evaluation was created based on a complex of quantitative and qualitative techniques, and the result has been writing down that quantum entanglement is highly advantageous as compared to classical cryptography practices. The paper also emphasizes entanglement as a key enabler of next-generation communication security, particularly in the wake of threat posed to conventional computing by quantum computing, in spite of the technical challenges of photon loss and decoherence.