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Critical ageing correlators from Schr\"odinger-invariance

Malte Henkel, Stoimen Stoimenov

Published May 28, 2025• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

For ageing systems, quenched onto a critical temperature $T=T_c$ such that the dominant noise comes from the thermal bath, with a non-conserved order-parameter and in addition with dynamical exponent ${z}=2$, the form of the two-time auto-correlator as well as the time-space form of the single-time correlator are derived from Schr\"odinger-invariance, generalised to non-equilibrium ageing. These findings reproduce the exact results in the $1D$ Glauber-Ising model at $T=0$ and the critical spherical model in $d>2$ dimensions.

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For ageing systems, quenched onto a critical temperature T=TcT=T_cT=Tc​ such that the dominant noise comes from the thermal bath, with a non-conserved order-parameter and in addition with dynamical exponent z=2{z}=2z=2, the form of the two-time auto-correlator as well as the time-space form of the single-time correlator are derived from Schr"odinger-invariance, generalised to non-equilibrium ageing. These findings reproduce the exact results in the 1D1D1D Glauber-Ising model at T=0T=0T=0 and the critical spherical model in d>2d>2d>2 dimensions.
Abstract For ageing systems, quenched onto a critical temperature T = T c such that the dominant noise comes from the thermal bath, with a non-conserved order-parameter and in addition with dynamical exponent z = 2 , the form of the two-time autocorrelator as well as the time-space form of the single-time correlator are derived from Schrödinger-invariance, generalised to non-equilibrium ageing. These findings reproduce the exact results in the 1 D Glauber–Ising model at T = 0 and the critical spherical model in d > 2 dimensions.
Systems undergoing phase-ordering kinetics after a quench into the ordered phase with 0 < T < T c from a fully disordered initial state and with a non-conserved order-parameter have the dynamical exponent z = 2 . The long-time behaviour of their single-time and two-time correlators, determined by the noisy initial conditions, is derived from Schrödinger-invariance. It is shown that the generic ageing scaling forms of the single-time and two-time correlators follow from the Schrödinger-covariance of the four-point response functions. The autocorrelation exponent λ is related to the passage exponent ζ p which describes the time-scale for the cross-over into the ageing regime. Both Porod’s law and the bounds d / 2 ≤ λ ≤ d are reproduced in a simple way. The dynamical finite-size scaling in fully finite systems is established. The dynamical scaling of global correlators are found and the low-temperature generalisation λ = d − 2 Θ of the Janssen-Schaub-Schmittmann scaling relation is derived.
The scaling functions of single-time and two-time correlators in systems undergoing non-equilibrium critical dynamics with dynamical exponent z=2{z}=2z=2 are predicted from a new time-dependent non-equilibrium representation of the Schrödinger algebra. These explicit predictions are tested and confirmed in the ageing of several exactly solvable models.
Single-time and two-correlators are computed exactly in the 1D1D1D Glauber-Ising model after a quench to zero temperature and on a periodic chain of finite length NNN, using a simple analytical continuation technique. Besides the general confirmation of finite-size scaling in non-equilibrium dynamics, this allows to test the scaling behaviour of the plateau height C∞(2)C_{\infty}^{(2)}C∞(2)​ to which the two-time auto-correlator converges, when deep into the finite-size regime.
The explicit calculation of the scaling form of the two-time autocorrelation function in phase-ordering kinetics and in those cases of non-equilibrium critical dynamics where the dynamical exponent z = 2 through the extension of dynamical scaling to local scale invariance is reviewed. Conceptually, this mainly requires an extension from the usually considered d -dimensional ageing or Schrödinger algebras to a new kind of representation of the conformal algebra in d + 2 dimensions. Explicit tests in several exactly solved models of simple magnets and through simulations in the 2D Ising and q -states Potts models ( q = 2, 3, 8) quenched to T < T c are presented and the extension to systems with non-equilibrium steady states is discussed through two exactly solvable models as well. In the context of surface growth models, possible generalizations for a dynamical exponent z = 4 and beyond are discussed.