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Scientific Reports

Nonclassical features of an open qubit cavity QED system

Abbas Manan, Atta ur Rahman, Hamid Arian Zad, Hazrat Ali, Asad Ali, Saif M. Al-Kuwari, Saeed Haddadi

Published Dec 23, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the dynamics of quantum correlations and measurement uncertainty in a two-qubit system coupled to a cavity-QED system, characterized by various parameters such as qubit and cavity frequencies under resonant and off-resonant conditions, with equal and unequal coupling strengths. We emphasize asymmetric qubit relaxation and dephasing mechanisms, accompanied by cavity decay. In certain scenarios, separable initial states can outperform entangled states in maintaining quantum correlations over longer periods. We further uncover a trade-off between quantum correlations, measurement uncertainty, and mutual information. Additionally, we demonstrate that asymmetries in coupling strengths or qubit frequencies can enhance quantum correlations and induce irregular oscillations, suggesting new strategies for engineering robust quantum resources in open quantum systems. In comparison, we find that qubit relaxation leads to less decay than qubit dephasing. In contrast, quantum correlations are preserved much longer with appropriate tuning of the cavity decay rate. Finally, the concept of quantum speed limit is employed to assess the resourcefulness of our configuration.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-025-30092-4

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We investigate the dynamics of quantum correlations and measurement uncertainty in a two-qubit system coupled to a cavity-QED system, characterized by various parameters such as qubit and cavity frequencies under resonant and off-resonant conditions, with equal and unequal coupling strengths. We emphasize asymmetric qubit relaxation and dephasing mechanisms, accompanied by cavity decay. In certain scenarios, separable initial states can outperform entangled states in maintaining quantum correlations over longer periods. We further uncover a trade-off between quantum correlations, measurement uncertainty, and mutual information. Additionally, we demonstrate that asymmetries in coupling strengths or qubit frequencies can enhance quantum correlations and induce irregular oscillations, suggesting new strategies for engineering robust quantum resources in open quantum systems. In comparison, we find that qubit relaxation leads to less decay than qubit dephasing. In contrast, quantum correlations are preserved much longer with appropriate tuning of the cavity decay rate. Finally, the concept of quantum speed limit is employed to assess the resourcefulness of our configuration.
We simulate the dynamics of systems with NNN = 1-20 qubits coupled to a cavity in order to assess their potential for quantum metrology of a parameter in the open systems limit. The qubits and the cavity are both allowed to have losses and the system is studied under various coupling strength regimes. The focus is primarily on the coupling between the qubits using the quantum Fisher information as the measured parameter. Some results on estimating the qubit-cavity detuning parameter are also presented. We investigate the scaling of the uncertainty in the estimate of the qubit-cavity coupling with the number of qubits and for different initial states of the qubits that act as the quantum probe. As initial probe states, we consider Dicke states with varying excitation numbers, the GHZ state, and separable X-polarized states. It is shown that in the strong coupling regime, i.e., when the coupling between the qubits and the cavity is greater than the decay parameters of both the qubits and the cavity, Dicke states with a large excitation number can achieve the Heisenberg limit, with the precision scaling improving as the excitation number increases. A particularly intriguing finding of our study is that in the weak coupling regime, as well as in situations where either the qubit or cavity decay parameters exceed the coupling, the separable XXX-polarized state is the best in terms of scaling and is even able to achieve the Heisenberg limit in these lossy regimes for the range of NNN considered.
In a system of two charge-qubits that are initially prepared in a maximally entangled Bell's state, the dynamics of quantum memory-assisted entropic uncertainty, purity, and negative entanglement are investigated. Isolated external cavity fields are considered in two different configurations: coherent-even coherent and even coherent cavity fields. For different initial cavity configurations, the temporal evolution of the final state of qubits and cavities is solved analytically. The effects of intrinsic decoherence and detuning strength on the dynamics of bipartite entropic uncertainty, purity and entanglement are explored. Depending on the field parameters, nonclassical correlations can be preserved. Nonclassical correlations and revival aspects appear to be significantly inhibited when intrinsic decoherence increases. Nonclassical correlations stay longer and have greater revivals due to the high detuning of the two qubits and the coherence strength of the initial cavity fields. Quantum memory-assisted entropic uncertainty and entropy have similar dynamics while the negativity presents fewer revivals in contrast.
We investigate qubit entanglement dynamics in a two-qubit cavity system with stochastically fluctuating coupling strength, comparing white noise (Markovian) and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise (non-Markovian) processes. We analytically solve the system dynamics for both Fock and coherent cavity states and systematically characterize how initial qubit configurations affect entanglement generation and preservation. Our results reveal distinct dynamical regimes: in the Fock-state cavity, initial states in the single-excitation subspace generate robust qubit entanglement in decoherence-free subspaces, while initially entangled states in the double-excitation subspace exhibit inevitable decay without protective symmetries. For coherent cavities, we identify a critical photon-number threshold in the intermediate coherent-state amplitude regime where dynamics transition from low-frequency to high-frequency entanglement oscillations, while universal entanglement loss occurs at large amplitudes. Remarkable resilience against entanglement sudden death emerges under strong non-Markovian noise with long correlation times, where repeated revivals occur. These findings establish cavity photon statistics and environmental memory time as key control parameters for engineering qubit entanglement dynamics in qubit-cavity systems, revealing how system-environment correlations govern quantum information preservation.
Abstract In this paper, we address the dynamics of nonclassical correlation, quantified by local quantum uncertainty (LQU) in a two-qubit system subjected to classical environmental noise when the initial states of system are prepared in a specific class of Bell states. Two different configurations of the local noisy environment are examined. In the first case, we consider a system of two independently qubits, each locally interacting with its classical random noise, whereas in the second case we consider only one of qubits subject to a classical random noise. Our results show that the dynamics of LQU is strongly related to both the dephasing and relaxation factors. The behaviors of LQU in above two cases exhibit similar variation, with monotonic decay in the weak coupling region, while revivals in the strong coupling region depending on the ratio of the switching rate and coupling strength to the qubit. By controlling this ratio, long-time survival of LQU is obtained. Therefore, our results may open an interesting perspective in using of the long-time survival of quantum correlations for practical applications in quantum information science.
We investigate the dynamics of key quantum correlations - Negativity (NG), Quantum Discord (QD), and Quantum-Memory-Assisted Entropic Uncertainty (QM-EUR) - in a bipartite two-qubit system under the influence of external pulses and various decoherence channels, including amplitude damping (gamma_amp), pure dephasing (gamma_deph), and pulse-induced dephasing (G), while different regimes of inter-qubit coupling (Jzz, Jxx), qubit energy splitting (epsilon), and pulse parameters (A_pulse, beta_pulse) are explored. Our results show that inter-qubit coupling and energy splitting epsilon significantly influence the dynamics, producing pronounced oscillations in the weak-coupling regime and protecting pre-existing entanglement in the strong-coupling regime. NG is the most sensitive, QD persists longer revealing nonclassical correlations independent of entanglement, and QM-EUR reflects residual quantum memory and entropic uncertainty, showing that quantum signatures survive even when NG and QD are weak. Pulse amplitude and width effectively control the generation and dissipation of correlations, while the intensity of pulse-induced dephasing modulates the balance between sustained oscillations and rapid decoherence. The initial state also plays a crucial role: a partially entangled initial state is more resilient to perturbations, preserving correlations over time, whereas a separable state exhibits cycles of entanglement creation and destruction. Thus, by adjusting system parameters, it is possible to control the stability and lifetime of correlations and coherence, providing a framework to optimize quantum systems for applications requiring both strong entanglement and long-lasting coherence, such as quantum computing and secure communication.
Abstract Efficient entanglement preservation in open quantum systems is a crucial scope towards a reliable exploitation of quantum resources. We address this issue by studying how two-qubit entanglement dynamically behaves when two atom qubits move inside two separated identical cavities. The moving qubits independently interact with their respective cavity. As a main general result, we find that under resonant qubit-cavity interaction the initial entanglement between two moving qubits remains closer to its initial value as time passes compared to the case of stationary qubits. In particular, we show that the initial entanglement can be strongly protected from decay by suitably adjusting the velocities of the qubits according to the non-Markovian features of the cavities. Our results supply a further way of preserving quantum correlations against noise with a natural implementation in cavity-QED scenarios and are straightforwardly extendable to many qubits for scalability.