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Radiation emission of a two-level atom driven by quantum electromagnetic field

Roman V. Zakharov, A. Vasil’ev, O. Tikhonova

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.24412/cl-35039-2025-25-263-263

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Physics Letters A•Apr 1, 1995•4 citations
This tutorial article provides a detailed mathematical overview of the Optical Bloch equation describing the interaction of the two level atom with the Electromagnetic radi- ation field. The equations have been derived in the weak atom field coupling limit. The notion of the optical Bloch equations has been introduced in a systematic process starting from the interaction of the two level atom with the semiclassical radiation field which cannot completely the idea of the Spontaneous emission process later which was included theoretically by,Weigner-Weisskopf theory of spontaneous emission .In the later part of the article the optical Bloch equations has been derived exactly by treating the radiation field quantum mechanically. The radiation field has been quantized using the free field quantization techniques in the Coloumb Gauge with which the Lindblad Master equation has been derived systematically in the weak coupling limit. The optical Bloch equations has been derived for the resonantly driven two level atom from the Lindblad type master equation and later those equations has been solved in the steady state limit. The article also discuss the analytical aspects of describing the theory of atom matter interaction using full-fledged quantum mechanical approach.
A three-level atom interacting with classical electromagnetic fields is coherently excited by a two-photon transition near resonance and subsequently makes a second transition driven at resonance by a weak ir field at the noise level. Our calculation predicts generation of an electromagnetic field at a third frequency in the uv from zero field. Calculations show a gain of the uv radiation with propagation through the medium, though the populations of the two levels involved are never inverted. Other calculations produce a pulsed amplifier, two-photon optical nutation, and free induction memory. An effective susceptibility is defined and its imaginary part is found to be a good indicator of mode specific absorption and emission by the atomic state, and its real part a good indicator of dispersion. These calculations exemplify the possibility of coherent control over an atomic vapor and the production of a superradient macroscopic ensemble of states in the retarded frame for realistic parameters.
Abstract Both quantum-electrodynamical (QED) and semiclassical approaches are applied to study the spontaneous emission of an atom or atomic ensemble driven by the strong external laser field. It is demonstrated that the semiclassical approach typically used for analyzing the emission of dressed atomic systems is inconsistent with the QED approach and does not provide a proper description of the emission of two-level atoms in a strong external laser field. That is, aside from a situation where the external radiation is nonresonant, weak enough and does not cause the essential population of the excited atomic level.