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Optics Communications

Impact of atmospheric turbulence on free-space deterministic secure quantum communication with squeezed light

Chirang R. Patel, Bhargav Cheekati, Ashok Kumar

Published Dec 15, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132771

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Atmospheric turbulence is the main barrier to large-scale free-space quantum communication networks. Aberrations distort optical information carriers, thus limiting or preventing the possibility of establishing a secure link between two parties. For this reason, forecasting the turbulence strength within an optical channel is highly desirable, as it allows for knowing the optimal timing to establish a secure link in advance. Here, we train a recurrent neural network, TAROQQO, to predict the turbulence strength within a free-space channel. The training is based on weather and turbulence data collected over 9 months for a 5.4 km intra-city free-space link across the City of Ottawa. The implications of accurate predictions from our network are demonstrated in a simulated high-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol based on orbital angular momentum states of light across different turbulence regimes. TAROQQO will be crucial in validating a free-space channel to optimally route the key exchange for secure communications in real experimental scenarios.